Roman Expansion: Why was it Successful?

The Roman Empire

I. Excellent Roman Army A. Originally, it was a citizen army 1. Every adult male citizen who owned land had to serve when needed a. wealthy citizens served without pay and provided their own weapons. b. poor citizens received small salaries. 2. Soldiers were well-trained, disciplined and loyal 3. The army was well-organized into different size units (century=100 men legion=5000 men ) I. Excellent Roman Army A. Originally, it was a citizen army 1. Every adult male citizen who owned land had to serve when needed a. wealthy citizens served without pay and provided their own weapons. b. poor citizens received small salaries. 2. Soldiers were well-trained, disciplined and loyal 3. The army was well-organized into different size units (century=100 men legion=5000 men )

B.By 100 BC army changes to a paid professional one. Why? 1. as Rome expanded outside of Italy, citizen soldiers could not stay away from home for long periods C.What else did the army do besides fight? 1. built roads and bridges 2. indirectly spread the ideas of Roman culture B.By 100 BC army changes to a paid professional one. Why? 1. as Rome expanded outside of Italy, citizen soldiers could not stay away from home for long periods C.What else did the army do besides fight? 1. built roads and bridges 2. indirectly spread the ideas of Roman culture

II.Well-Constructed Road System A. layered construction using cement B. Provided swift transportation for army and fast communication for the government III.Fair Treatment of Conquered People A. Allowed conquered people to keep their religion/culture B. Allowed some conquered people to become citizens (made Roman rule more acceptable) II.Well-Constructed Road System A. layered construction using cement B. Provided swift transportation for army and fast communication for the government III.Fair Treatment of Conquered People A. Allowed conquered people to keep their religion/culture B. Allowed some conquered people to become citizens (made Roman rule more acceptable)

IV. Rome was called an empire from 27 BC – 476 AD, but it was really a military dictatorship 1. Rome’s rulers were called emperor. They ruled as military dictators, usually supported by or backed up by the army. 2. There were no written qualifications to be emperor.

III. Famous Emperors A.Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD): first emperor, great ruler 1. He organized the government 2. He granted citizenship to people in provinces 3. He created a civil service to improve government in the provinces 4. He ordered a census for tax purposes A.Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD): first emperor, great ruler 1. He organized the government 2. He granted citizenship to people in provinces 3. He created a civil service to improve government in the provinces 4. He ordered a census for tax purposes

B.Hadrian (117 AD – 138 AD) 1. He had walls built in Britain and central Europe to keep out barbarian attackers. C. Diocletian (284 AD – 305 AD) 1. To try to solve problems, he divided the empire into two parts – East and West – with each part ruled seperately. B.Hadrian (117 AD – 138 AD) 1. He had walls built in Britain and central Europe to keep out barbarian attackers. C. Diocletian (284 AD – 305 AD) 1. To try to solve problems, he divided the empire into two parts – East and West – with each part ruled seperately.

D. Constantine (312AD – 337AD) 1. He reunited the Roman Empire but moved the capital to Byzantium in the East and called it Constantinople. 2. He issued the Edict of Milan – which made it legal to be a Christian D. Constantine (312AD – 337AD) 1. He reunited the Roman Empire but moved the capital to Byzantium in the East and called it Constantinople. 2. He issued the Edict of Milan – which made it legal to be a Christian

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