Objective 1 See diagram

Pathway: Nostril—sinuses— pharynx—larynx— trachea—bronchi— bronchioles—bronchiole tube--alveoli

Objective 2: Protection Mucus collects dust and debris Cilia propel mucus Hairs filter air

Objective 3 Membrane Structure Single cell layer thick Covered with capillaries Allows rapid exchange of gases

Objective 4: Lungs/Pleura Left Lung—two lobes Right lung—three lobes Pleura—thin lining on outside between lung and thoracic wall

Lab Locate the respiratory structures on the cat pluck. Insert the pins in the structures.

Day 2 Agenda: Look over 6 weeks grades Conduct lung volume lab

Respiration Unit Day 3 "Virtue herself is her own fairest reward." -Silius Italicus, PunicaSilius Italicus

Today’s Agenda Look over air flow sequence Notes on objective 5-9 Lung volume Lab

Boyles Law and Breathing Boyles Law: Pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume. Inspiration lowers pressure in thorax, air flows inward. Expiration raises pressure, air moves out.

Objective 6: Muscles of Inspiration Inspiration occurs when the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract. Expiration occurs more passively as these muscles relax and the lungs recoil.

Obj. 7 Partial Vacuum The intrapleural space (space between lung and wall of chest) always has a more negative pressure than the interpulmonary space (inside lungs).

Obj. 7 Partial Vacuum The negative pressure must exist at all times to keep the lung in its proper shape and location to prevent lung collapse.

Obj. 8 Pulmonary Ventilation Friction in airways causes resistance and results in more strenuous breathing. Lung compliance depends on the elasticity of the lungs and chest flexibility.

Obj. 8 Pulmonary Ventilation Surface tension of alveolar fluid reduces alveoli size and could collapse alveoli.

Obj. 9 Lung Volumes Tidal volume – normal inhale/exhale amount Residual volume – air that remains in lungs after exhale.

Obj. 9 Lung Volumes Inspiratory volume – amount that can be forcefully inhaled Expiratory reserve – amount of forced exhale

Lung Volume Lab :

Respiration Unit: Day 4

Today’s Agenda Revisit Lung Volumes and gross anatomy. Quiz Complete Volumes worksheet using summary chart in notes Notes on objectives 10-13

Today’s Agenda Notes on objectives Respiration video Practice questions

Obj. 10 Composition of Atmospheric and Alveolar Air AtomosphereAlveoli Oxygen 160 mmHg104 mmHg Carbon Dioxide 0.3 mmHg 40 mmHg

Obj. 10 Oxygen goes into alveoli Oxygen moves from blood into cells at the capillary bed. Oxygen is transported by hemoglobin. Carbon dioxide is most likely transported at bicarbonate ion.

Obj. 11 Oxygen is transported in the blood attached to hemoglobin

Objective 12 Carbon dioxide is carried in the body primarily as bicarbonate ion.

Respiration Unit: Day 6 "The scientific theory I like best is that the rings of Saturn are composed entirely of lost airline luggage." -Mark RussellMark Russell

Today’s Agenda Complete Objective Notes Practice matching symptom & disorder Homeostatic Imbalances sheet

Obj. 11 Oxygen is transported in the blood attached to hemoglobin

Objective 12 Carbon dioxide is carried in the body primarily as bicarbonate ion.

Obj. 13 Respiration rates can be effected by emotions, pain, carbon dioxide levels and reflexes. (see separate sheet for notes)

Eupnea = Normal breathing Apnea = to stop breathing Hyperpnea = excess breathing due to exercise and increased need. Dyspnea = labored breathing

Disorders Continued Hypoxia= Chronic Oxygen deficiency Bronchitis = respiratory passageways become clogged by elevated mucus production. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder resulting from the combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Disorders TB= tuberculosis-bacterial infection of lungs, airborne Emphysema = bronchiole walls are damaged, difficulty in normal breathing causes barrel chest. Lung cancer = excessive cell division of lung tissues, has been directly tied to smoking.