European CommissionD G Development Linking Relief with Rehabilitation and Development for Food Security The European Commission’s Policies and Practices

European CommissionD G Development Humanitarian Food Assistance Communication CONSULTATION Commission Consultation (ECHO, DEV, RELEX, AIDCO, RELEX, JRC) Specific coherence with DEV’s food-security Communication Availability, access, utilisation. Nutrition. Disaster Risk Reduction. Disaster Management. LRRD. External Consultation (member states, other donors, partners, research/academics) Questionnaire (Jan ’09) and Stakeholders’ Roundtable (June ’09) ADOPTION – March 31 st 2010 COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS AGREED – May 11 th 2010

European CommissionD G Development From FOOD AID to FOOD ASSISTANCE Addressing availability, access, and utilisation of quality food. Acknowledging the importance of other non-food dimensions (e.g. public health, education) in determining nutritional outcomes and vulnerability. Understanding the role of livelihoods and coping strategies. Delivering more appropriate and effective assistance, based on diversified responses using a variety of potential tools (eg cash, agricultural inputs, food).

European CommissionD G Development Developmentally Sensitive Humanitarian Assistance Appropriate, needs-based responses, based on holistic understanding of symptoms and causes. Centrality of livelihoods in emergencies. Livelihood reinforcement, protection and recovery Principle of “do no harm”. Protecting markets Avoiding dependency Minimising environmental and conflict risks Seize concurrent opportunities to benefit local farmers and promote self- reliance (but not an entry-point). Local / regional procurement Protect / strengthen local capacities for self-reliance and coping, and national capacities for disaster mitigation

European CommissionD G Development Developmentally Sensitive Humanitarian Assistance Mainstream Disaster Risk Reduction in Humanitarian Food Assistance Disaster-risk analysis in food assistance assessments. Short-term reinforcement of early-warning systems. Disaster-proofing and building back better) Consideration of Comparative Advantage Limitations of humanitarian instruments (timeframe, predictability, national partnerships) For chronic needs and DRR and disaster management – development actors more appropriate. Linking Relief with Rehabilitation and Development (LRRD) Optimal coverage of coexisting humanitarian and development needs in contiguum and/or continuum. Advocacy State responsibilities; development actors as per comparative advantage; good governance; conducive trade policies. Coordination Emergency Food Security Cluster with links to global governance architecture.

European CommissionD G Development Food Security Communication Title: ‘An EU Policy Framework to assist developing countries in addressing food security challenges’ Adopted by Commission on 31 March 2010 (COM(2010)127 Agreed to by EU Ministers May 2011 Comprehensive approach, addressing all four pillars of food security Focus on countries most-off track in reaching MDG1; predominantly Africa; often fragile situations Small-scale agriculture important -> invest in sustainable and ‘ecologically efficient’ intensification

European CommissionD G Development Crisis Prevention and Management in Development Building resilience of (rural) communities, e.g. through Invest in productive capacities Small-farmer oriented research & extension Develop (flexible) safety nets Expand use of insurance mechanisms

European CommissionD G Development Crisis Prevention and Management in Development Enhance crisis preparedness Improve food security information system (decision-oriented; incorporating local information) Build crisis management capacities Regional integration Reduce price volatility Enhance food stocks & management (including at local level, through warehouse receipts systems, and through reduction in post-harvest losses) Improve market functioning and transparency at national and regional levels

European CommissionD G Development LRRD in Action Drought Management in Kenya EDF Drought Management Initiative {IX EDF (EUR 17.7M) 2007/2013} and ECHO Drought Preparedness Programme and Emergency Response Activities

European CommissionD G DevelopmentBackground Devastating socio-economic impact of recurrent drought (+100M$ of losses / dry year). Assets of communities undermined. Political willingness from Government to address the problem. But difficulties for preparing effective and timely response once confronted with the crisis – hence need for ECHO and humanitarian actors.

European CommissionD G Development EC : Kenya Partnership on Drought Management Support to a Drought Contingency Fund (DCF) managed by the WB. Support for improving capacities of bodies involved in policy formulation and in drought management planning (+ awareness + work on the relevant legislations). Support to flexible community-based projects implemented by humanitarian partners.

European CommissionD G Development Activities of the D.C.F Focus on the most arid and marginalised parts of Kenya. Rely on District Steering Groups who receive money to implement their contingency plans. The projects financed can include different types of investments: Emergency livestock purchase, animal slaughter and meat distribution, Food and cash for work programmes Veterinary interventions Human healtH Water supplies Education (keeping children at school) Rapid response to conflict National parks and reserves for grazing Seed distribution Stockpiling cereals Supplementary feeding of livestock Tree planting Rapid needs assessments

European CommissionD G Development Coordination and Capacity Building Close coordination mechanism between all drought management institutions. DCF funding Support to District Steering Groups. Support to the formulation and adoption of contingency plans and policy documents. ECHO funding Grass roots capacity building to inform District Steering Committees and Contingency Plans, and to provide additional implementation capacity.

European CommissionD G Development LRRD Continuum and Contiguum Ensured DCF and ECHO grants for H+ projects (preparedness, resilience, risk reduction) through locally based humanitarian implementing agencies: to ensure flexibility to switch between prevention, preparedness, emergency response and recovery according to the situation. to pilot innovative approaches that can be replicated/scaled up by development actors once they prove their efficiency and effectiveness.

European CommissionD G Development Humanitarian/Development Partnership Improved ECHO funded preparedness and emergency response for 2009 drought were closely coordinated with the Drought Contingency Fund. Constructive dialogue with humanitarian actors on the use of available development instruments for continuity and complementarity: a) Food facility -picking up ECHO funded projects, b) On-going discussion on the Water Facility, c) Call for proposal for Non-State actors.