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Container History Bob Fogarty

Pre WW II Bag Loads

1930’s First mobile lorry (truck) mounted cargo boxes used for transporting food by local meat butcher Thoburn Brown. US coast-to-coast refrigerated transportation needs, brings ‘The Thermo King’ container to market by Harry Werner. Adaption for use to transport agricultural produce by entrepreneur Harry Werner.

1940’s US Army creates standardized 8ft steel containers to be loaded onto ships and trucks for various theatres of battle around the world. Shipping giant, Ocean Van Lines (OVL) purchase containers for commercial usage in order to transport military supplies to Alaska for the Cold War

1950’s Lack of national infrastructure in the US meant that specialized facilities for dockyards, truck chassis and cranes for handling containers stifles the up-take of use of commercial container usage. In 1956 the first container ship is launched called the Ideal X operating on the East Coast. Truck giant, Malcolm McLean sells his business and enters into the newly emerging shipping container industry, with a company called Sea-Land

Malcom McLean

Strick-tainer 1950’s: Strick played a key role in the development of the modern shipping container with the innovative “Strick-tainer.” Strick would go on to build the containers for Sea Land, which were used for their inaugural container service between New York and Houston in 1956.

Flexi-Van 1960’s: Strick developed the Flexi- Van system, used extensively by the New York Central Railroad. Railcars were built with turntables so that Flexi-Van containers could be rotated 90 degrees for loading and unloading without a crane.

Armorplate 1980’s: The all-aluminum Armorplate container remains the lightest 40’ ISO container ever built. Sidewalls were made with 1-piece.25” thick aluminum plate.

Why use a container? Saves the space – Axles / Tires create 48” of unusable space – Landing gear create 48” of unusable space – 1,280 cubic feet (40 container) per container 3 containers in the same space as 2 with gears on – Cost of both the landing gear and running gear – Storage 7 in the space of 1 – Can be moved by, ship, rail or road

Different ways of naming containers. (Be careful as the slang is variable) ISO (International Standards Organization) Domestic Tube Collapsible ISO Flush folding flat-rack containers for heavy and bulky semi-finished goods, out of gauge cargo Gas bottle Generator General purpose dry van for boxes, cartons, cases, sacks, bales, pallets, drums in standard, high or half height High cube pallet wide containers for euro pallet compatibilityeuro pallet Insulated shipping container Refrigerated containers for perishable goods Refrigerated containers Open top bulktainers for bulk minerals, heavy machinery Open side for loading oversize pallet Platform or bolster for barrels and drums, crates, cable drums, out of gauge cargo, machinery, and processed timber Rolling floor for difficult to handle cargo Swapbody

Tank container for bulk liquids and dangerous goods Tank containerdangerous goods Ventilated containers for organic products requiring ventilation Garmentainers for shipping garments on hangers (GOH) There are more, but at least you can see that there are many types and each produces different dynamics.