PNM High-Penetration PV thru Grid Automation & Demand Response Jonathan Hawkins Manager, Electric Distribution Standards PNM Grid-InterOp 2009 Denver, CO Nov 17-19, 2009

High-Penetration PV thru Grid Automation & Demand Response – C h a n g e s t o e x i s t i n g a r c h i t e c t u r e ( i f a p p l i c a b l e ) – I n t e r f a c e i m p l i c a t i o n s t o l e g a c y s y s t e m s – A r c h i t e c t u r e C o n s i d e r a t i o n s f o r E m e r g i n g / c h a n g i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s – I m p r o v e d B e n e f i t s f r o m A r c h i t e c t u r e C h a n g e s Overall Project Lessons Learned (3-5 Slides) – T o p i c s c o u l d b e w i d e r a n g i n g ( p r o j e c t p l a n n i n g, r e s o u r c e s, s t i m u l u s i m p l i c a t i o n s, s o f t w a r e i n t e g r a t i o n, h a r d w a r e i n s t a l l a t i o n, c u s t o m e r a c c e p t a n c e, e t c. ) – W h a t s u r p r i s e d y o u ? W h a t i n f o r m a t i o n w o u l d m e m b e r u t i l i t i e s f i n d i n t e r e s t i n g ? Q&A UC1 UC2 UC3 UC4

PNM’s Smart Grid – Additions to existing Architecture – C h a n g e s t o e x i s t i n g a r c h i t e c t u r e ( i f a p p l i c a b l e ) – I n t e r f a c e i m p l i c a t i o n s t o l e g a c y s y s t e m s – A r c h i t e c t u r e C o n s i d e r a t i o n s f o r E m e r g i n g / c h a n g i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s – I m p r o v e d B e n e f i t s f r o m A r c h i t e c t u r e C h a n g e s Overall Project Lessons Learned (3-5 Slides) – T o p i c s c o u l d b e w i d e r a n g i n g ( p r o j e c t p l a n n i n g, r e s o u r c e s, s t i m u l u s i m p l i c a t i o n s, s o f t w a r e i n t e g r a t i o n, h a r d w a r e i n s t a l l a t i o n, c u s t o m e r a c c e p t a n c e, e t c. ) – W h a t s u r p r i s e d y o u ? W h a t i n f o r m a t i o n w o u l d m e m b e r u t i l i t i e s f i n d i n t e r e s t i n g ? Q&A

Interface implications to legacy systems Communications Protocols – IEC61850/DNP3 Cyber-security Standards IEC61850 interface to Home Area Network (via inverter interface) and commercial building’s energy management system (e.g. BACNet) Distributed Energy Resource response translation through the architecture to billing system New customer contracts – e.g. demand response, renewables through AMI, penalties for opt-out, strict measurement of renewable energy certificates (RECs)

Considerations for emerging/changing requirements Communication and Cyber-security Standards still evolving Specifying multiple protocols where possible and cost-effective IEC61850 and DNP3 Zigbee, Homeplug, Smart Energy Profile, 6LoWPAN Concerns of multiple profiles Protocol interfaces (translation) Latency requirements (does an alternate protocol dictate a higher latency) Bandwidth requirements Varying communication time requirements (e.g. 1 sec. control data vs. 15 min. pricing data)

Improved Benefits from Architecture Changes Economic Start with Ability to send “real-time” prices Price components could be Distribution grid loading Day-ahead load Forecast Wholesale prices (regional hub based) Carbon pricing Target “Firmed up” renewables (Dispatchable) Reliability Ability to unload feeders Prevent overuse of equipment/extend equipment life (e.g. LTCs, Cap Banks) Ability to “right size” feeder equipment Back office efficiency – multiple systems able to use data

Overall Project Lessons Learned Modeling will be critical Little is known or tested on battery control algorithms; DG placed at end of feeder vs. beginning of feeder could be completely different Models need to be calibrated on the front end for acceptance - GridLAB D and OpenDSS modeling has started Lots of data will be needed to validate front and back ends of modeling effort Functional/org structure issues have to be raised as SG architecture is developed Groups/functions will need to be in place and staffed that don’t exist now These are costs that have to be identified along with equipment costs Technology gaps and incumbent architecture need to be displayed to industry from a non-silo’d perspective Architecture needs to incorporate NIST and align with other demo projects

Thank You! Questions?