THE 4 SECTIONS WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM EXPLAIN HOWTHE PARTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER IN AN IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE BACTERIA AND VIRUSES EXPLAIN WHAT VACCINES ARE, HOW THEY ARE MADE AND HOW THEY WORK

Bacteria and Viruses

Viruses The biggest viruses are only as big as the tiniest bacteria. They use the cells as a factory to reproduce. They are neither dead nor alive. Once you have the virus you have to fight it or die.

The Aids Virus

The AIDS Virus Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome the HIV virus attacks the helper T cells so that the body can’t recognize invaders. There is no cure yet for this virus Is fatal

The Ebola Virus

It’s one of the Most lethal viruses known. Ebola has a 90% fatality rate. The virus makes your body bleed non-stop.

The Herpes Virus

Herpes means “to Creep” in Greek. HSV-1(a type of Herpes) appears in the mouth at the crisis of simple fevers. HSV-2(another type of Herpes) appears in the pubic areas. This virus is contagious.

Bacteria

BACTERIA 1. HELICOBACTER PYLORI THESE SPIRAL BACTERIA CAN SURVIVE THE STRONG ACID ENVIRONMENT OF THE THE STOMACH AND WERE RECENTLY DISCOVERED AS THE AGENT OF STOMACH UCLEARS. 2.STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES THESE SPHERICAL BACTERIA ARE COMMON INHABITANTS OF THE THROAT. SOMETIMES THEY CAUSESTREP THROAT OR EVEN MORE SERIOUS DISEASES LIKE NECROTIZING FASCIITIS (FLESH- EATING DISEASE)

Parts of the Immune System Macrophages- A large and versatile immune cell that acts as a microbe, a devouring phagocyte, an antigen presenting cell, and an important source of immune system secretions. B-cells- Small white blood cells crucial to the immune system defenses. They are also known as B-lymphocytes and they are derived from bone marrow and they develop into plasma cells that are the source of antibodies. Helper T-cells- They identify the invader and signal the B-cells to make the appropriate antibodies.

Parts of the Immune System (cont’d) Killer T-cells- When turned on or activated, they can target and destroy cancerous cells and cells harboring viruses. Suppresser T-cells- A subset of cells that turn off antibody production and other immune responses. Thymus Gland- A primary lymphoid organ, high in the chest, where T-cells learn their jobs. Lymphnodes- Small bean-shaped organs distributed widely throughout the body and linked by lymphatic vessels. This is where B-cells make antibodies.

Parts of the Immune System (cont’d) Antibodies- A soluble protein molecule produced and secreted by B-cells in response to an antigen, which is capable of binding to that specific antigen. Antigens- Any substance that, when introduced into the body, is recognized by the immune system (the markers on the invaders). Memory T-cells- These cells “remember” the antigen and initiate a quick response if the antigen is detected again (secondary response).

EXPLAIN HOW THE PARTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER IN AN IMMUNE SYSTEN RESPONSE. YOUR SKIN IS THE FIRST DEFENSE AGAINST GERMS WHITE BLOOD CELLS ARE THE ONES WHO FIGHT GERMS THEY DIVIDE INTO 2 CLASSES: CALLED LYMPHOCYTES (B CELLS AND T CELLS) AND PHAGOCYTES (MACROPHAGES AND NEUTROPHILS)

T AND B CELLS T-CEllS MATURES IN THE THYMUS (AN ORGAN NEAR YOUR HEART) T STANDS FOR THYMUS THEY ARE THE COMMANDER IN CHIEFS THEY CALL MACROPHAGES WHEN GERMS ENTER THE BODY B-CELLS THEY COMPLETE THE MATURATION OF BONES, AND ARE LATER FOUND IN LYMPHNODES, WHICH TRAVEL THE BLOOD AND LYMPHATETIC VESSELS, AND IS A FLUID CALLED LYMPH WHICH BATHES THE BODY’S TISSUES THEY BECOME PLASMA CELLS TO SPREAD ANTI BODIES

MACROPHAGES WHEN CALLED, THEY WILL MULTIPLY BY THE THOUSANDS AND GO TO WAR MEANS “CELL-EATER” EATS AWAY DEAD CELLS, GERMS AND OTHER WASTES MONOCYTES ARE PHAGOCYTES THAT CIRCULATE THE BLOOD, WHEN THEY MIGRATE: THEY BECOME MACROPHAGES

SMALLER DEFENSES ANTI BODIES HOLD ON TO THE ANTIGENS OF GERMS AND WAITS UNTIL A MACROPHAGE COMES AND EATS IT ANTIGENS ARE A SIGN THAT TRIGGERS AN IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE ANTI BODIES CAN KILL GERMS WITH THE HELP OF COMPLEMENT PROTEINS COMPLEMENT PROTEINS WORK WITH ANTI BODIES TO CREATE HOLES IN INVADERS AND INJECT A FLUID INTO GERMS UNTIL THEY POP

OTHER NEUTROPHILS ARE SIMILAR TO MONOCYTES EXCEPT SMALLER PHAGOCYTE MEANS “CELL EATER” LYMPHOKINS ARE CHEMICALS THAT CELLS USE TO COMMUNICATE WITH EACHY OTHER LYMPHNODESARE PLACES WHERE BATTLES OCCUR (FOUND IN ARMPIT, NECK AND GROIN) AND IS WHERE B AND T PLATOONS WAIT FOR INVADERS. A SWOLLEN GLAND IS A SIGN OF A RAGING BATTLE.

PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA THESE ARE COMMON SOIL BACTERIA THAT SOMEIMES CAUSE INFECTIONS.

SMALL POX FIRST VIRUS FROM NATURE LEAST UNDERSTOOD AND VERY DESTRUCTIVE ONE DROPLET OF EXHALED MOISTURE FROM SOMEONE INFECTED CONTAINS A THOUSAND MORE VIRUSES THAN NEEDED TO INFECT A PERSON

WHAT ARE VACCINES, AND HOW ARE THEY MADE? VACCINES ARE A WAY OF BUILDING YOUR OWN ACTIVE IMMUNITY TO A VIRUS SCIENTISITS AND DOCTORS GROW THE VIRUS AND USE DEAD OR WEAKEN PARTICLES TO GIVE TO PEOPLE

HOW DO VACCINES WORK? VACCINES WORK BY GETTING A SHOT AND IT TEACHES YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM HOW TO FIGHT THE VIRUS

RESOURCES MRS. SZYCH’S HOMEPAGE CELLSALIVE.COM