Introduction to AP Physics Boyceville High School Mr. Hamm

Welcome to AP Physics!  AP Physics is a rigorous course  minutes of homework every night  MUST REVIEW YOUR NOTES EVERY NIGHT!!!  Pay attention to format.

Expectations  Keep up with homework  Use the 5-step problem solving method  Not need to follow significant figures  Quickly and easily use metric conversions

What is Physics?  The study of energy and its transfer throughout the mechanical universe  What are the branches of Physics?

Physics Frame of Reference Kinematics: The study of motion without regard to its causes. Dynamics: The study of motion and its causes 6 Kinematic Equations Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion 1. Law of Inertia 2. F = ma 3. Action/Reaction Momentum Conserved Quantities 1. Mass 2. Energy 3. Linear Momentum 4. Angular Momentum Work Energy: The ability to do work 6 Types of Energy: 1. Heat 2. Sound 3. Light 4. Chemical 5. Electrical 6. Mechanical *7. Nuclear Thermodynamics: The study of heat energy Acoustics: The study of sound energy Optics: The study of light energy and electromagnetic radiation Chemistry: The study of chemical energy Kinetic Energy: The energy of motion Potential Energy: Stored energy Modern Physics: The study of the really small and the really fast. 1 st Law of Thermodynamics: Thermal Processes: 1. Isothermal 2. Isobaric 3. Isometric 4. Adiabatic 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics: No heat engine can have 100% efficiency. Simple Harmonic Motion Circular Motion and Universal Gravitation Centripetal Force Universal Gravitation Wave Equation Springs Hooke’s LawTypes of Waves: 1. Transverse 2. Longitudinal Resonance: The frequency of the driving force equals the natural frequency of the system. Curved Lenses & Mirrors Ray Diagrams: 1. Convergence 2. Divergence 3. Real vs. Virtual Electromagnetic Radiation Michelson-Morley Experiment: Prove the existence of the Luminiferous Ether Energy of a PhotonWave-Particle Duality Waves as Particles Compton Effect Particles as Waves De Brogle Wavelength Albert Einstein Photoelectric Effect Special Theory of Relativity: c is the ultimate speed limit Relativistic Gamma Factor Time Dilation and Length Contraction Twin Paradox Nuclear Reactions Radioactive Particles

SI System  SI – System International (Metric System)  Base 10 System Every unit is a factor of 10 different from every other unit EX: kilogram is 10 3 grams (10 x 10 x 10)

7 Fundamental SI Units MeasurementFundamental Unit LengthMeter (m) TimeSecond (s) MassKilogram (kg) AmountMole (mol) TemperatureKelvin (K) Luminous IntensityCandela (can) Electric ChargeCoulomb (C)

SI System Prefixes PrefixSymbolExponentMeaning Picop pm = m Nanon nm = m Micro  m = m Millim mm = m Centic cm = m Decid dm = m BASE UNIT-- BASE Dekada dam = 10 1 m Hectoh hm = 10 2 m KiloK km = 10 3 m MegaM Mm = 10 6 m

Dimensional Analysis  Your tool for unit conversion  A process for converting units  Requires organization!!!

Dimensional Analysis Example  Convert 500 nm to km  Always start with your known quantity (500 nm in this case)  The unit that you start with (nm in this case) starts on the bottom of your dimensional analysis  The unit you want to convert to goes on top, then repeat with putting that unit on the bottom of the next conversion factor.

Dimensional Analysis Example (cntd)  Your dimensional analysis for this example should look like: 500 nm You multiply by the numbers in the numerators and divide by the numbers in the denominators. Answer: 5 x km NOTE…each set of paranthesis is called a conversion factor.

Another Dimensional Analysis Example  Lets do another example problem.  Convert 3.45 deciliters to hectoliters, and find the price of 3.45 dl of oil if the price is $205 per hectoliter.

Another Example Continued Hence, 3.45 dl of oil costs $0.71.

An Area Example  Convert 2500 square decimeters to square meters.  Here, you need to square the entire conversion factor: