Soil and the Characteristics Important for Plant Growth Sustainable Small Acreage Farming and Ranching Slides adapted from the Living on the Land curriculum,

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Presentation transcript:

Soil and the Characteristics Important for Plant Growth Sustainable Small Acreage Farming and Ranching Slides adapted from the Living on the Land curriculum, University of Nevada-Reno, Sue Donaldson, et al. 2001

What describes a good soil?  Drains well  Doesn’t crust after planting  Soaks up heavy rains with little runoff  Stores moisture for drought periods  Has few clods and no hardpan  Resists erosion and nutrient loss  Produces healthy, high quality crops...

What are soils made of?  Minerals  Air  Water  Organic matter (humus)

Water = 20-30% Air = 20-30% Mineral Fraction (sand, silt, clay) = 50% Organics = 5% Composition of a loam soil

The Minerals: sand, silt, and clay OSU Extension Service

The textural triangle UNCE, Reno, NV

USDA NRCS, Bozeman MT Simplified textural triangle

Why determine soil texture? Soil texture influences:  Water intake rates  Water storage  Ease of tillage  Amount of aeration  Soil fertility

Platy structureGranular structure Soil structure: How particles are grouped together into stable collections

OSU Extension Service Soil structure is important to: Good aeration Good drainage Good tilth (easy to work)

OSU Extension Service Good soil quality has: Good aeration Good drainage Good tilth (easy to work) Lots of organic matter Lots of organisms Balanced percentage of air and water

Soil Organic Matter Consists Of:  Living organisms  Dead organisms  Plant matter  Other decomposing organic materials UNCE, Reno, NV

Benefits of Soil Organic Matter Increased water and nutrient-holding capacity Formation of soil into stable aggregates Improved water infiltration Diversity of soil organisms – which results in increased stability of the living soil ecosystem

The soil ecosystem

worm USDA NRCS

How Can I Manage My Soils to Improve Them? Avoid compaction Increase the organic matter content Maintain cover with vegetation

Add organic matter to soil

Manure spreaders make the job of applying manure as an organic matter amendment easier OSU Extension Service

Add compost

Till in Cover Crops OSU Extension Service

Summary of the basics… Soil texture and structure influence the management of the soil related to water, nutrients, and plant growth. Organic matter is an important component of healthy soils