Obesity and Food habit in schools Nouri saeidlou sakineh PhD of nutrition

According to WHO: Currently, overweight and obesity represent a public health problem that affects populations of all cultures, socioeconomic classes, and ages, including children. Obesity and overweight

Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since % of adults aged 18 years and over (38% of men and 40% of women) were overweight. and 13% of adults aged 18 years and over (11% of men and 15% of women) were obese in Most of the world's population live in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight. 42 million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese in Obesity is preventable Obesity and overweight Fact sheet N°311 Updated January 2015 According to WHO:

In Iran, like many of other developing countries, prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has been increasing.  One Systematic review in Iran, suggests that although the trend in the prevalence of childhood obesity in Iranian children is not considerably high, but the escalating trend of excess weight among young children is alarming and should be considered by providers of interventional preventive programs at national and regional levels. Kelishadi, R Elsevier Inc.

This study also show that a higher increase in the trend of excess weight in children ages 2 to 6 and 7 to 11 y than in older age groups. This finding may suggest that younger children are getting fatter more rapidly than their older counterparts. This finding may reflect an epidemiologic transition along with a notable nutrition transition, in the Iranian population. Kelishadi, R Elsevier Inc

In West Azarbijan In summary, some study in West Azarbijan, showed that the overweight and obesity was increased among school children from 2009 to 2011 in West Azarbijan Province, Iran. The prevalence of overweight in primary school children among girls were 52.83, and and for boys were 57.07, 53.4 and per 1000 person in 2009, 2010 and 2011 years,respectively. The prevalence of obesity in secondary school children for girls were 22.26, and and 26.52, and for boys per 1000 person in 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively.

 Overall,childhood overweight and obesity is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Increasing prevalence of childhood obesity has become a growing matter of public health concern worldwide.  Overweight and obesity in children may have severe consequences later in adolescence and adulthood. Overweight and obese children are at an increased risk for numerous health conditions, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, asthma and musculoskeletal problems, liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, and mental disorders.  Ahuja, B 2014  Kelishadi, R. 2014

Obesity has been considered to result from lifestyle changes, especially in food consumption, physical activity and sedentary tendencies, because the environment has grown more obesogenic in recent decades. World Health Organization

The recent changes in lifestyle of children from a traditional style toward a Westernized pattern that includes consuming calorie-dense foods and engaging in sedentary activities might explain the higher prevalence of excess weight in younger than in older children. Kelishadi, R Elsevier Inc

The state of adolescent health One in every five people in the world is an adolescent, and 85% of them live in developing countries. Nearly two thirds of premature deaths one third of the total disease burden in adults are associated with conditions or behaviors that began in youth. Promoting healthy practices during adolescence, and efforts that better protect this age group from risks will ensure longer, more productive lives for many

Common eating practices of adolescents 1. Eating away from home 2. Skipping meals 3. Snacking 4. >90% of adolescents eat snacks are typically: High in fat High in sugar High in sodium 5. Eating “fast food” High in fat(saturated) High in cholesterol High in sodium

Effective factors to obesity: Parental responsibility Modern technology and media Over-consumption of unhealthy foods Children’s lack of knowledge and motivation Physical activity environment Lack of healthy food Lack of physical activity Genes Individual Responsibility … Environment International Journal of Obesity, Hardus, 2013

Individual Interpersonal Factors Institutional Factors Community Factors Public Policy Factors Families friends peer School Restaurants Supermarkets School foods FDA-labels advertising

Individual (individual choice & responsibility) Dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior Influenced by knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, skills Interpersonal Families, friends, peers Provide social identity, support and role definition Institutional Schools, local sporting institutions Rules, regulations, policies that constrain or encourage particular behaviors

Role of Schools in Preventing Obesity Schools are a critical part of the social environment that shape children’s eating and physical activity patterns Lead by example: healthy food served while at school, and limited access to “junk food” Provide access to and maintain healthy amount of physical activity while at school Widen the school-home collaboration to promote child’s physical health and fitness

Frequency of consumption of fast food,fruit. Vegetable and beverages in school children in province of West Azarbaijan Daily % Weekly % Seldom % Never % Milk Consumption 47/730/612/79 Fruit juices Concentrate 17/738/331/512/5 Fresh vegetables or cooked 38/143/814/83/3 Consumption of sausages 2/526/539/231/9 Snack(Puff paste) chips/crisps 14/635/429/67 Soft drinks 10/23540/214/6 Fresh fruits 55/635/28/50/6 Dried fruits 27/139/624/48/5

رفتار های مورد مطالعه دانش اموزان مقطع ابتدایی دانش اموزان اول متوسطه دانش آموزان دوم متوسطه صرف صبحانه در 6 روز هفته (درصد) مصرف هفتگي سوسيس وكالباس وپيتزا (درصد) مصرف روزانه شیر(درصد) مصرف هفتگی چیپس و پفک (درصد)3640 مصرف هفتگی نوشابه گازدار(درصد) تعداد ساعت کار با کامپیوتر356/9 تعداد ساعات تماشای تلویزیون در روزهای تعطیل و جمعه25347/34 30 دقیقه فعالیت بدنی سه روز در هفته (درصد)13162/15 دانش اموزان چاق (درصد)6142/10 طرح کشوری کاسپین (CACPIAN) (Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable disease) مطالعه در مورد نظام مراقبت و عوامل خطرزای بیماری‌های غیرواگیر در جمهوری اسلامی ایران در دانش آموزان كشور باعنوان كاسپين اجرا مي گردد. یافته‌های اين برنامه توسط وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پزشکی با همکاری وزارت آموزش و پرورش و حمایت سازمان جهانی بهداشت انجام شد تعداد كل دانش آموزان مورد بررسي در فاز چهارم مطالعه كشوري كاسپين، نفر شامل 6640 دختر (2/49%) و 6846 پسر (8/50%) بهمراه يك نفر از والدين آنها بود. بيشترين رده سني دانش آموزان شركت كننده در مطالعه حاضر در مناطق شهري و روستايي به ترتيب 5/37% (19-15 سال) و 6/44% (10-6 سال) بود.

رفتار های مورد مطالعهدانش آموزان هر سه مقطع صرف صبحانه در 6 روز هفته (درصد) 49/2 مصرف هفتگي سوسيس وكالباس وپيتزا (درصد) 26/5 مصرف روزانه شیر(درصد) 47/7 مصرف هفتگی چیپس و پفک (درصد) 35/4 مصرف هفتگی نوشابه گازدار(درصد) 35 تعداد ساعت کار با کامپیوتر(4 ساعت و بیشتر) 3/3 مصرف آبمیوه بسته بندی شده در هفته (درصد) 38/3 مصرف کیک ،کلوچه ،شیرنی و شکلات در هفته (درصد ) 44/6 مصرف میوه جات تازه در هفته 35/2 تعداد ساعات تماشای تلویزیون در روزهای تعطیل و جمعه (4 ساعت و بیشتر ) 22/7 30 دقیقه فعالیت بدنی سه روز در هفته (درصد) 13/1 دانش اموزان چاق (درصد) 11 وضعیت استان آذربایجان غربی ( کاسپین 4) شیوع چاقی و اضافه وزن در دانش آموزان مورد مطالعه به ترتیب 11 و 9/4 درصد گزارش شده است

Current generation of children just of people in the past years who are dying due to related problems overweight and obesity before their parents.