Structure and Function of the Reproductive System Chapter 22

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 2 Development of the Reproductive System  Dependent on sex hormones Males—testosterone Females—estrogen, FSH, and LH  Sexual differentiation in utero Homologous structures Gonads Ducts  Mesonephric  Paramesonephric

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 3 Development of the Reproductive System

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 4 Development of the Reproductive System

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 5 Development of the Reproductive System  Puberty Exact trigger unknown Females  Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and its sulfate (DHAS)  Begins with thelarche (breast development) in females Adrenarche Gonadarche

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 6 Development of the Reproductive System

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 7 Female Reproductive System  External genitalia (vulva) Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Vestibule

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 8 Female Reproductive System  External genitalia (vulva) Introitus Hymen Urinary meatus Lesser vestibular glands (Skene glands) Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands) Perineum

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 9 External Genitalia (Vulva)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 10 Internal Genitalia  Vagina  Uterus  Fallopian tubes  Ovaries

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 11 Internal Genitalia

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 12 Uterine Position

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 13 Internal Genitalia

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 14 Ovary

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 15 Follicle Development

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 16 Female Sex Hormones  Estrogens Estradiol Estrone Estriol  Progesterone  Androgens

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 17 Menstrual Cycle  Menarche  Menopause  Phases Menstruation (menses) Follicular/proliferative phase Luteal/secretory phase

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 18 Menstrual Cycle  Ovarian cycle  Uterine phases  Vaginal response  Body temperature change

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 19 The Menstrual Cycle

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 20 Hormone Controls

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 21 Ovarian Cycle

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 22  External genitalia Testes  Epididymis Scrotum Penis Male Reproductive System

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 23 Male Reproductive System

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 24 Male Reproductive System

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 25 Male Reproductive System

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 26  Internal genitalia Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands Male Reproductive System

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 27 Male Internal Genitalia

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 28  Spermatogonia  Primary spermatocytes  Secondary spermatocytes  Spermatids  Sertoli cells Spermatogenesis

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 29 Spermatogenesis

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 30 Male Reproductive System

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 31  Androgens Primary androgen—testosterone Produced mainly in the Leydig cells of the testes Testosterone  Sexual differentiation  Urogenital system development  Nervous and skeletal tissue development  Sex drive Dihydrotestosterone and prolactin Male Sex Hormones

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 32  Modified sebaceous glands on the ventral surface of the thorax  Female breast Nipple Areola Glands of Montgomery  Male breast Until puberty, male and female breast development is similar Without the sufficient influence of estrogen and progesterone, the male breast does not develop any further Structure and Function of the Breast

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 33 Structure and Function of the Breast

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 34 Structure and Function of the Breast

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 35  Infection and cancer tests Culture Serologic testing Tissue biopsy Needle biopsy Papanicolaou (Pap) test Mammography  Fertility tests Tests of Reproductive Function

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 36  Menopause  Perimenopause  Vasomotor symptoms Vasomotor flush Aging and the Female Reproductive System

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 37 Aging and the Female Reproductive System

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 38  Male’s reproductive capacity is longer than women’s  There is not an event comparable to menopause  Decreased erectile and ejaculatory function  Testes atrophy, decrease in weight, and soften  Decreased levels of gonadotropins and testosterone Aging and the Male Reproductive System