Philosophy of the Late Classical Period PlatoAristotle

Socrates n “midwife to ideas of human behavior and morality” n sought to live moral life lead by the direction of gods n Socratic method –taught in public –questioned traditions

Socrates n Sophists n made enemies n Thirty Tyrants n accused of impiety n hemlock n Dialogue

Plato n Student of Socrates n Started the Academy n Experiment - Ideal state based on Republic –Syracuse

Plato’s World View n World of Forms n Sensory world a copy of real world n Soul resides in the World of Forms –remembers ideals –imprisoned in body –works toward perfection

Plato’s World View n Demiurge brings ideas to matter n Sculpture n Evil is lack of knowledge n Happiness most important –ignorance leads to unhappiness –Happiness consequence of healthy state of mind

Plato’s World View n Human –rational part –will –appetite or desire –intellect and will control appetite

Plato’s World View n Society –Intellect - Philosopher –Will - Guardians –Appetite - Artisans –Philosopher best ruler

Aristotle n Plato’s student n “master of those who know” n Lyceum n Systematizer –Physics - laws of universe –Rhetoric - rules for oratory –Poetics - rules for poetry and drama

Aristotle n Taught Alexander the Great n Basis for Christian theology - Thomas Aquinas n Logic - syllogism n Female a failed male

Aristotle's World View n Earth is center of universe n Sense are the real world n First cause “unmoved mover” n Species - man-ness n All forms characterized by purpose –acorn - oak tree - furniture

Aristotle's World View n All men mortal n Moral behavior avoids extremes –cowardice - courage - foolishness –stinginess - - wastefulness

Aristotle's World View n Happiness - perfection of form n Perfect reasoning n Study science, math n Need health and wealth n Serve government