Greek Philosophy and History

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Presentation transcript:

Greek Philosophy and History Chapter 8 Section 2

Did You Know? Aristotle’s father probably taught Aristotle about medicine. Aristotle’s father died when Aristotle was 10 years old. If his father had lived longer, Aristotle might have been a doctor.

Greek Philosophers The word philosophy comes from the Greek word for “love of wisdom.” Greek thinkers, called philosophers, believed the human mind could understand everything. Pythagoras: a Greek philosopher who taught that the universe followed the same laws that governed music and numbers. He developed many ideas about math. Sophists: professional teachers who traveled from city to city, teaching others. They did not believe that gods and goddesses influenced people. The also did not believe in absolute right or wrong.

Greek Philosophers cont. Socrates: was a philosopher who believed that an absolute truth existed and that all real knowledge was within each person. Leaders did not trust Socrates and accused him of teaching young Athenians to rebel. Socrates was tried and sentenced to death. The Socratic method: a form of teaching that uses questions to lead students to discover things for themselves. Plato: one of Socrates’ best students. In his book the Republic, Plato described the ideal government. At the top were rulers and philosopher. In the middle were warriors. At the bottom were all others. Aristotle: was one of Plato’s students. He opened his own school called the Lycuem. Aristotle helped advance science and government. Many of his ideas shaped the way European and American founders thought about government. The “golden mean,” one of Aristotle’s ideas, states that a person should do nothing to excess.

Discussion Question What did Aristotle think about democracy? Aristotle noticed that most democracies were run by the poor, and those run by a few people (monarchy, tyranny, oligarchy) were run by the rich and the poor.

Greek Historians Many historians consider Herodotus the “father of history” because he wrote the history of the Persian Wars. The Greek Thucydides is considered the greatest historian of the ancient world. He wrote: History of the Peloponnesian War.

Discussion Question Why is Herodotus important? He was the first person to try to explain the past through accurate facts.