A quick overview… Activating Strategy (slides 1-17)

Settled on Greek mainland around 2000 B.C. During the 1200s B.C., the Mycenaeans fought a ten- year war against Troy, an independent trading city on Anatolia

Legend says a Greek army besieged and destroyed Troy because a Trojan prince had kidnapped Helen, the beautiful wife of a Greek king Mycenaean civilization collapsed shortly after the Trojan War

Darius I, King of Persia, vowed to destroy Athens Persians – conquered a huge empire stretching from Asia Minor to the border of India 490 B.C., the Persians attacked the city-states at Athens

Athenian victory at Marathon – they were hugely outnumbered but lost fewer than 200 men compared to 6,000 Persian losses Pheidippides ran the 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to tell of the victory so Athenians would defend their city

Darius dies – Xerxes, son of Darius, launched a new attack in 480 B.C. Xerxes launched another unsuccessful attack in 479 B.C. The Spartans and Athenians defeated the Persians

Persians eventually drove out of the territories surrounding Greece - this ended the threat of future attacks Increased the Greek’s sense of their uniqueness Gods had protected their superior form of government

Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state in Greece Advanced Delian League – an alliance with other Greek city-states Athens became the center of Greek culture

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Persian Wars: remember these Famous Battles  Marathon (490 BCE)  26 miles from Athens  Thermopylae (480 BCE)  300 Spartans at the Mountain pass  Salamis (480 BCE)  Athenian navy victorious

OK…so HERE is where you might(must) want to take notes

Here is a quick summary of what we will learn

In the years after the Persian Wars, other city-states, especially Sparta, began to view Athens with hostility because of its wealth, prestige, and power

Instead of trying to avoid war, the leaders of Athens and Sparta pressed for it, believing their own city had the advantage Eventually, Sparta declared war in 431 B.C.

Athens had the stronger navy Sparta had the stronger army Sparta’s location inland meant it could not easily be attacked by sea The Athenians wanted to avoid a land battle with the Spartans and draw them out to the sea

The Spartans marched into Athenian territory, burning their food supply Pericles, the leader of Athens, brought all the residents into the city walls, where they could get food from the port

In the second year of the war, a plague hit Athens, killing one-third of the city, including Pericles Athens was weakened, but they continued to fight until 421 B.C., when both sides signed a truce

By 415 B.C., the 2 sides (Athens & Sparta) were fighting again Athens sent a force of more than 20,000 soldiers to the island of Sicily to destroy the city-state of Syracuse, a wealthy ally of Sparta

Athens was defeated in 413 B.C. In 404 B.C., Athens finally surrendered – they had lost their empire, power, and wealth

….After all these wars …the World somehow manage to gain something ….. Use your book to answer the remaining parts

Great Athenian Philosophers  Socrates  Know thyself!  question everything  only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.  Plato  The Academy  The world of the FORMS  The Republic  philosopher-king

Great Athenian Philosophers  Aristotle  The Lyceum  “Golden Mean” [everything in moderation].  Logic.  Scientific method.

Athens: The Arts & Sciences  DRAMA (tragedians):  Aeschylus  Sophocles  Euripides  THE SCIENCES:  Pythagoras  Democritus  all matter made up of small atoms.  Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”

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