Biology: It Grows on You

What is Biology? Bio= LIFE-ology= THE STUDY OF The study of life from the simplest life forms (bacteria) to the complex (animals and humans).

Branches of Biology Ecology- Interactions between living organisms Genetics- Inheritance of traits Biochemistry- the study of the chemical reactions required for life Botany- Study of Plants Zoology- Study of Animals

What makes something living? 7 characteristics of life? ?

Cells Living organisms are organized/comprised of cells – Unicellular-Comprised of one cell – Multicellular- Comprised of multiple cells

Genetic Material All organisms contain DNA in the form of a double helix. DNA is inherited from both the mother and the father, unless you are unicellular!

Energy Energy is needed to carry out life processes. Energy is obtained through food.

Reproduction All living organisms reproduce – Asexual- Involves one individual from a species – Sexual- Involves two individuals from the SAME species

Growth and Development All living organisms grow and develop – Growth- Increase of size of an organism – Development- The changes an organism goes through in life

Adjusting Homeostasis-Maintaining stable internal conditions – Exothermic- Rely on outside conditions to maintain homeostasis – Endothermic- Rely on internal functions to maintain homeostasis

Stimulus and Response Stimulus- An action Response- Result from a stimulus

Are viruses living? ?

How we classify living things Aristotle- Descriptions – Not very clear, names became too long Carolus Linnaeus- Relationships – Binomial Nomenclature- 2 part naming system Homo sapien Genus species

Levels of classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Come up with your own mnemonic! Dumb Kids Play Chess On Fat Guys Stomachs

Bacteria- Not Viruses! 2 Kingdoms: Archaebacteria(old, near deep sea vents) and Eubacteria(common in the world) Primitive prokaryotic cells Single Cellular Heterotrophic- rely on others for energy Asexual reproduction Streptacoccus

Protist Kingdom Protista Unicellular or Multicellular Eukaryotic cells Autotrophic(make their own energy) or Heterotrophic Asexual or sexual reproduction Commonly cause disease Algae, Dinoflagellates, zooplankton

Fungi Kingdom Fungi Unicellular or Multicellular Prokaryotic Heterotrophic Decomposer- breaks down other organisms Sexual or Asexual reproduction Athletes foot, molds, mushrooms

Plants Kingdom Plantae Multicellular Autotrophic- Have chloroplasts Sexual or Asexual Reproduction Moss, ferns, trees, flowers

Animals Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Heterotrophic Sexual Reproduction Coral, birds, star fish, etc.

Dichotomous Key A tool used to Identify organisms in the field Step 1 If fish shape is long and skinny then go to step 2 If fish shape is not long and skinny, then go to step 3 Step 5 If fish has spots, then go to step 6 If fish does not have spots, then go to step 7 Step 2 If fish has pointed fins, it is a trumpet fish If fish has smooth fins, it is a spotted moray eel Step 6 If fish has chin "whiskers," it is a spotted goat fish If fish does not have chin "whiskers," it is a band-tail puffer Step 3 If fish has both eyes on top of the head, then go to step 4 If fish has one eye on each side of the head, then go to step 5 Step 7 If fish has stripes, then go to step 8 If fish does not have stripes, it is a glassy sweeper Step 4 If fish has long whip-like tail, it is a spotted eagle ray If fish has short, blunt tail, it is a peacock flounder Step 8 If fish has a v-shaped tail, it is a squirrel fish If fish has a blunt tail, it is a glass-eye snapper