Company Overview Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

PhyTech PhyTech is a leader in Crop Monitoring. We have commercially available, patented, field proven new products desperately needed on a global basis. We moved from mainly R&D to a global marketing stage. Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Background Headquartered in Israel Established in 1998 by Kibbutz Yad-Mordechai. 20 Employees. Leading research company in Agricultural Crop Monitoring. International level advisory board. Sales in more than 30 countries world wide. Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

What we do? We develop crop monitoring solutions that improve crop sustainability, yield and quality. Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Problems in Agriculture Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Problem Summary 1.Land and water limitations 2.Increasing pollution due to indiscriminate irrigation 3.Poorly controllable sustainability and profitability 4.Lack of an on-line information channels about the current crop status. Disconnected character of the existing information sources. The Problem Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

The Solution PhyTech has developed and manufactured proven solutions addressing all four needs mentioned Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

The Needs 1.Tailored soil and crop management to fit the specific conditions found within a plantation or agricultural field (Precision Agricultural). 2.Precise control of crop water status and growth in order to provide timely and discriminate application of water with fertilizers and other controllable factors 3.Ability to observe instantly and remotely the current crop status as well as its recent trend 4.A single computerized on line information channel, which replace a variety of disconnected information sources about the current crop status and growth. Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

The Solution The Product – PhyTalk system Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

The Solution 3) Trial-and-error testing of new regimes or treatments Stress! WARNINGS 2) Detecting physiological disorders WARNINGS cropyield sample plants 1) Remote decision support Intelligent Products – Application Techniques Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Plant sensors Fruit growth Stem growth Stem diameter Sap flow rate Leaf temperature Environmental Solar radiation Air temperature Air humidity Wind speed Soil moisture Products – PhyTalk Radio Sensors Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Graphical Software Multi-axis charts Shows both measured and derived calculated variables Presents both instant and daily average values Products – PhyTalk Software Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Intellectual Property Status US Patent 6,937,162 US Patent 6,701,665 Patent Application 10/685,381 6 PCT SENSORS DATA ACQUISITION EQUIPMENT USER INTERFACE Patent Application 2002/ A1 APPLICATION TECHNIQUE Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Uniqueness of the Product  The result of interdisciplinary R&D works, carried out by outstanding experts on many crops during many years.  Almost every component has a certain advantage over commercial analogs.  Some sensors and software have no commercial analogs.  Complex combination of hardware, software, application techniques, and know-how. This allows to attribute the product to the category of on line information and decision-support system for crop growing. Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Some solutions developed by Phytech Citrus: Time to Market protocol based on fruit size. Avocado: Precise irrigation according to the actual plant needs for optimal production Vegetables: Tuning irrigation and climate control in greenhouses on the basis of measured plant water status and fruit growth Wine Grapes: Precise irrigation according to desired irrigation strategy by using stem growth trend before veraison and water potential at post-veraison (advanced alternative to pressure chamber). The Market –Landscape Advantages The Market Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

PhyTech Advantages Proven success in the field for many years Our products are commercially available. Our products and approach are well known and established. Focus on the needs of the users. Experienced crop monitoring involvement. Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Summary Proven technology Proven economical model Wide base of pleased customers Extensive data from real crops Solutions and agronomical support available directly from Phytech experts. Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Avocado Daily contraction amplitude Amplitude and trends of such variations is proportional to water deficit. Thus, the daily contraction amplitude (DCA) and trend of growth may be used as a criterion for scheduling of irrigation. Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL After years of practice in avocado we realize that dendrometers give the most accurate and up-to-date picture of the tree's water status in avocado. Growers that integrate dendrometer data, with soil moisture and climate parameters, have the optimal information platform to understand and to react to the tree's needs. What is a Dendrometer ? Dendrometer - an electronic sensor mounted on the trunk of the tree and allows for continuous monitoring of changes in its trunk radius. Plant growth and water plant balance affect diurnal behavior of trunk radius. The growth rate depends on a vegetation stage and state, climatic conditions and soil moisture levels. The diurnal variations represent mostly fluctuations of water content in the plants.

Dendrometer on trees trunk Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Two parameters are commonly used for evaluating plant water status: daily contraction amplitude (DCA) and trend of daily growth. Daily contraction amplitude (DCA) Trend of daily growth Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Effect of irrigation frequency on trunk behavior Hass trees, Kibbutz Ramat Hashofet, Israel Daily Irrigation Irrigation twice a week Two irrigation regime in subsequent years, in the same plot: 2009 – irrigation twice a week, 2010 – daily irrigation Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Irrigation in the winter period Comparison of variants with epizodical watering at February 4, against the variant without irrigation (waiting for the rain) shows the possible loss of the fruit diameter of about 0.25 mm in 2-3 days. For several months, this situation could be repeated many times. The loss of the fruit can reach a diameter of several millimeters. predication graph without irrigation Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Loss of the fuit diameter as a result of inaccurate irrigation in winter and at other periods of the year may reach a few millimeters. Fine-tuning irrigation by phytomonitoring technology prevents unwanted loss of growth of the fruit. The effectiveness of fine-tuning irrigation can be determined by the correlation between weight of the fruit and its diameter. Simple calculations show that in obtaining the additional increase in the fruit diameter even 3 mm, yield can increase in the range from 150 to 400 kg from one dunam. In most cases, it ranges from 10 to 20% of the total yield. Correlation between fruit weight and diameter Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Mango Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Mango Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Mango trunk diameter growth in unstable climatic condition Ramat Magshimim, Mature trees, Shelli varieties Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Two principal calculation of trunk diameter daily contraction (DCA): Base reference line using and traditional calculation (Max-Min) Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Two principal calculation of trunk diameter daily contraction: Base reference line using (blue line) and traditional calculation (Max-Min, red line) Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Persimmon Phytomonitoring observations were carried out on Triumph variety in ten orchards Beit Oren, Tel Nof, Hosen, Kfar Hitim, Sde Nizzan, Gan Efraim (Beit Ariza Mor Perot Hasharon), Malkia, Zrifin (Pri Or Mehadrin), Nordia ( ) South Africa ( ) Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Objectives: Determination of the characteristic periods of plant growth and development Determination of the Phytomonitoring indices for adjusting irrigation regimes in every particular period Recommendation for application in irrigation practice Phytomonitoring may help to answer the following questions: 1.When to start irrigation season 2.How to irrigate at air drought (‘khamsin’) 3.How to adjust irrigation during every characteristic period of the growth season 4.How to irrigate after harvest Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL Adjustment of irrigation schedule: Seasonal shape must be taken into consideration! Trunk Fruit

Typical seasonal growth curve and characteristic periods PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL RIPENINGFRUIT GROWTHBUDBRAKEBLOOMFRUITSET IRRIGATION TASK PLANT STATUS INDEX  Irrigati on start  Meet increasing demand in water  Trunk growth rate  Meet increasing demand in water  Trunk growth rate (basic)  Fruit growth rate (auxiliary)  Adjustment  Trunk growth rate  Fruit growth rate -10% irrigation water % irrigation water Norm

PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL Irrigation adjustment Three treatments with difference irrigation 120% 80 % 100% -10% water for all treatments According water demand +12% water for all treatments

Cultar PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Fruit diameter open field and net house comparison (Bet Oren 2007) PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Fruit diameter and weight PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL

NovOctSeptAugustJulyJuneMayAprilDecade Average Penman, Eo, mm/day Required daily irrigation, mm Month irrigation, mm Running total, mm Crop irrigation coefficient and running total amount of water PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Irrigation norm and persimmon yield comparison: plot 5 – traditional irrigation, plot 6 –irrigation according Phytomonitoring Export percentage Fruit diameter more 60mm, ton/dun Yield, ton/dunIrrigation, m3/dun Year Plot 6Plot 5Plot 6Plot 5Plot 6Plot 5Plot 6Plot Average -20% Water conservation PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL

1 x RS-ATH-5R Air Temperature Air Temperature and Humidity Sensor and Humidity Sensor (-10 to 50 °C ; 0 to 100 %RH) 1 x RS-ATH-5R Air Temperature Air Temperature and Humidity Sensor and Humidity Sensor (-10 to 50 °C ; 0 to 100 %RH) 2 x RS-FI-M Fruit Growth Sensor (15 to 70 mm) 2 x RS-FI-M Fruit Growth Sensor (15 to 70 mm) 1 x RS-DE-1R Dendrometer (0 to 10 mm) 1 x RS-DE-1R Dendrometer (0 to 10 mm) 2 x RSD-SMS-2R Soil Moisture Sensor (0 to 50 vol. %) OR RS-TM-2R Twin Tensiometer (0 to 84 cbar) 2 x RSD-SMS-2R Soil Moisture Sensor (0 to 50 vol. %) OR RS-TM-2R Twin Tensiometer (0 to 84 cbar) Stationary Data Concentrator Stationary Phytalk System PhytoGraph™ Software PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Almond Strategy of almond irrigation has three basic conditions: yield increase, almond kernel of larger diameter and kernel desirable quality. Researches of local and foreign experts show, that the increase of seasonal irrigation norm leads to growth of almond yield. In according to Asher Aizenkot (Israel) the increase of seasonal irrigation norm from 350 m3/dun up to 500 m3/dun provides yield increasing from 170 up to 220 kg/dun. The increase of irrigation norm up to 850 m3/dun provides an increase of yield already up to 280 kg/dun. Directly proportional dependence between irrigating water norm and yield of almonds are established also by other researchers (David A. Goldhammer, Terry Prichard, Black Sanden). On the other hand the yield increases provide some reduction of fruit diameter, and also their qualities. Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Materials and methods Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL

Comparison of trunk growth depending irrigation norm in different plant phase development

Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL Comparison of trunk growth and daily contraction depending irrigation norm in fruit growth phase development. Period with the same irrigation norm

Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL Calculation the true Daily contraction amplitude very important fore make the right decision to adjust irrigation. We propose calculation method on the use of Base reference line. Example on the pictures shown that traditional method (Max morning-Min afternoon) against propose method can lead to significant error in estimation of true Daily contraction. Comparative calculation have shown that at high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) difference in the calculation may reach tens microns.