+ Chapter 1 Self, Family, and Community © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 1

+ Wellness © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 2 Dimensions of wellness.

+ Health and Wellness Health: state of complete physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being Wellness: process of adopting patterns of behavior that can lead to improved health and heightened life satisfaction © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 3

+ The Wellness Continuum © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 4 The wellness continuum.

+ The Ecological Model of Health and Wellness Addresses interrelationship between individual and environment Individual has unique set of characteristics, including genetics, age, and knowledge Environment is your relationships with people, and community affiliations Many social determinants of health influence the options you have and the choices you make © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 5

+ Health-Related Behavior Choices Health-related behavior choices are the actions you take and decisions you make that affect your health Physical choices Mental choices Emotional choices Spiritual choices Social well-being choices Psychologists have proposed the “Stages of Change” model for why people don’t make choices that enhance their health © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 6

+ The Health Belief Model Health behaviors are influenced by: Perceived susceptibility (risk of a problem) Perceived seriousness of consequences Perceived benefits of specific action Perceived barriers to taking action All these considerations enter into your decision-making process when making health-related behavior change decisions © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 7

+ The Stages of Change Model The Stages of Change Model takes into account thinking, feelings, behaviors, relationships, and many other factors Change is a process that includes: Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 8

+ The Stages of Change Model © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 9 The stages of change: A spiral model.

+ Creating a Behavior Change Plan Accept responsibility for your own health and make a commitment to change To do this: Set goals Develop action steps Identify benefits Identify positive enablers Sign a behavior change contract Create benchmarks Assess accomplishments and revise, if necessary © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 10

+ Being an Informed Consumer of Health Information Developing health literacy Ability to read, understand, and act on health information As many as eighty million American adults have limited health literacy skills Health risk: probability of exposure to a hazard that can result in negative consequences © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 11

+ Being an Informed Consumer of Health Information Understanding medical research studies Formal studies include basic medical research, clinical studies, and epidemiological studies Careful consideration of health recommendations involves asking a series of critical questions © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 12

+ Self and Community Public health is a discipline that focuses on the health of populations of people, rather than individuals Health promotion Disease prevention Community health aims to improve the health of those people within a defined community © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 13

+ The Healthy People Initiative Leading health indicators: priority public health issues to be targeted Physical activity Overweight and obesity Tobacco use Substance abuse Responsible sexual behavior Mental health Injury and violence Environmental quality Immunization Access to health care © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 14

+ Individual Choice Versus Societal Responsibility When choosing a personal behavior or supporting or opposing a public policy: What is the risk to the individual and/or the community? How strong is the opposition to restrictions? What is the evidence that restriction will impact behavior? Use these questions to make reasoned, responsible decisions. © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 15

+ Looking Ahead While reading each chapter of this text: Reflect on your current level of health in that area Assess your readiness to change any harmful behaviors, and develop a behavior change plan Think about the influences that shape your decisions Share health information with family members and friends © 2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 16