Warm-Up Grab iPads Go to (room a12) Question of the day: –What makes a great leader? –Who are some examples of good leaders you have seen in your life?

Washington’s Presidency Chapter 9

Washington’s Presidency George Washington inaugurated on April 30, John Adams was his vice-president

Federal Judiciary Act Constitution left it up to Congress on how many Supreme Court Justices to have – Congress passed the Federal Judiciary Act –Gave Supreme Court 1 chief justice, 5 associate justices (8 associates as of today) –Provided for other lower, less powerful federal courts. –John Jay was appointed chief justice.

Why does a president have a cabinet?

President of the United States Then… –George Washington Now… –Barrack Obama

Presidential Cabinet Secretary of the Treasury Then… –Alexander Hamilton Now… –Jacob Lew

Presidential Cabinet Secretary of War Then… –Henry Knox Now… Secretary of Defense –Chuck Hagel

Presidential Cabinet Attorney General Then… –Edmund Randolph Now… –Eric Holder

Presidential Cabinet Secretary of State Then… –Thomas Jefferson Now… –John Kerry

Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury Faced the task of fixing the new nation’s economy (US was $52 million in debt). Wanted to prove to other countries that the US was economically responsible. Came up with a financial plan to reflect his belief in a strong central government. –Paying off war debts –Raising government revenue (Whiskey tax) –Creating a National Bank –Protective tariff (tax on imported goods)

Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury Paying off war debts… –Southern States agreed to help pay off Northern States debts, and in return the nation’s capital was placed in the South.

Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury Raising government revenues… –Called for protective tariffs on imported goods Taxed foreign goods, Insured steady flow of $$ to the government Encouraged people to buy American goods…

Defeat of the Protective Tariff

Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury Creating a National Bank… –Give government a safe place to keep money –Make loans to business and government –Issue bank notes paper $$ that could be used as currency

Good morning! Grab your ipad and get out your journal. –Warm-UP In your journal, write a 4-5 sentence summary about yesterday’s discussion/notes.

Interpreting the Constitution Hamilton’s plan would strengthen the gov’t. –Started a debate over how to interpret the Constitution –Jefferson and Madison believed Constitution discouraged big government –Believed in strict interpretation of Constitution –Hamilton pointed to Elastic Clause in Constitution, stating bank was “necessary and proper”… –Jefferson and Hamilton defended their positions to Washington….

Hamilton and Jefferson HamiltonJefferson ConstitutionLoose Interpretation Strict Interpretation National Government Strong Federal Government Supported stronger state governments EconomyBusiness and Manufacturing Agriculture and Labor Foreign Policy Supported Britain, saw US becoming more like Britain Supported France

Growth of Political Parties Political Parties grew out of different beliefs on how the government should run. How do we interpret the Constitution?? ?

Growth of Political Parties ? Strict Interpretation v. Loose Interpretation

Growth of Political Parties Alexander Hamilton/John Adams form the Federalist Party Thomas Jefferson/James Madison form the Democratic- Republican party

The First Political Parties FEDERALISTSDEMOCRACTIC-REPUBLICANS Strong National GovernmentLimited National Government Fear of Mob RuleFear of rule by one person or a powerful few Loose Construction (interpretation ofStrict Construction (interpretation) of the Constitution Favored National BankOpposed National Bank Economy based on manufacturingEconomy based on farming and shipping Supporters: lawyers, merchants,Supporters: farmers,tradespeople manufacturers, clergy

Whiskey Rebellion Conflict over government’s tax on whiskey

Whiskey Rebellion Summer of 1794 farmers attacked tax collectors to protest the tax on whiskey 13,000 soldiers sent to put down the uprising

Whiskey Rebellion “Such resistance is treason against society, against liberty, against everything that ought to be dear to a free, enlightened, and prudent people. To tolerate it were to abandon your most precious interests. Not to subdue it were to tolerate it.” –Alexander Hamilton

The French Rebellion

Inspired by the Americans, French revolutionaries demanded liberty and equality By 1792 revolution became very violent

The French Rebellion 1793 – King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette executed France then declared war on Britain, Holland, and Spain This puts the US in an awkward position –WHY????

What to do????? France had been ally of US during revolution Britain was United States’ most important trading partner Washington decided US would remain… NEUTRAL

Remaining Neutral Chief Justice John Jay goes to England to work this out Jay’s Treaty –called for British to pay damages to ships –British agreed to leave Ohio Valley –Jay’s Treaty unpopular because it failed to open West Indies trade to Americans

Remaining Neutral Thomas Pinckney helps reduce tensions along frontier Pinckney’s Treaty –Americans could travel freely down Mississippi River –Could store goods in New Orleans without paying customs duties –Spain accepted 31 st parallel as Southern boundary of US

Washington Retires

Washington ’ s 2 terms were a success! Warned American ’ s about 3 things upon his retirement: –Warned of the dangers of political parties (such political differences can weaken the country) –Warned that agreements with foreign nations might work against U.S. interests (economic agreements should be the only agreement) –Warned against the nation collecting too much debt

Portrait of the Nation in 1800