CHAPTER 2.1 ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, AND DIVISION PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY

Determine whether the given number is a solution to the equation. 4x + 7 = 5 x = -½ Substitute -½ for x. Simplify Right-hand side equals the left=hand side. Thus, -½ is a solution to the equation 4x + 7 = 5

Determine whether the given number is a solution to the equation. -6x + 14 = 4 x = 3 Substitute 3 for x. Simplify Right-hand side does not equal the left=hand side. Thus, 3 is not a solution to the equation -6x + 14 = 4

Notice this is the equation above where a = 3 and b = -3. A linear equation in one variable is equivalent to an equation of the form: If we have a linear equation we can “manipulate” it to get it in this form. We just need to make sure that whatever we do preserves the equality (keeps both sides =) We can add or subtract the same thing from both sides of the equation. - 4 - 4 - 3 Notice this is the equation above where a = 3 and b = -3. While this is in the general form for a linear equation, we often want to find all values of x so that the equation is true. You could probably do this one in your head and see that when x = 1 we’d have a true statement 0 = 0

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY Let a, b, and c represent algebraic expressions Addition property of equality: If a = b, then a + c = b + c Subtraction property of equality: If a = b, then a – c = b -c

APPLYING THE ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY In each equation, the goal is to isolate the variable on one side of the equation. To accomplish this, we use the fact that the sum of a number and its opposite is zero and the difference of a number and itself is zero. p – 4 = 11 To isolate p, add 4 to both sides (-4 +4 = 0). p – 4 +4 = 4 +4 p- + 0 = 15 p = 15 Simplify CHECK

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY Let a, b, and c represent algebraic expressions 1. Multiplication property of equality: If a = b, then ac = bc Division property of equality: If a = b then provided c ≠ 0

Applying the Multiplication and Division Properties of Equality Tip: Recall that the product of a number and its reciprocal is 1. For example: To obtain a coefficient of 1 for the x-term, divide both sides by 12 12x = 60 12x = 60 12 12 Simplify x = 5 Check!

Tip: When applying the multiplication or division properties of equality to obtain a coefficient of 1 for the variable term, we will generally use the following convention: If the coefficient of the variable term is expressed as a fraction, we usually multiply both sides by its reciprocal. If the coefficient of the variable term is an integer or decimal, we divide both sides by the coefficient itself. Example: To obtain a coefficient of 1 for the q-term, multiply by the reciprocal of which is Simplify. The product of a number and its reciprocal is 1. CHECK!

Translating to a Linear Equation The quotient of a number and 4 is 6 The product of a number and 4 is 6 Negative twelve is equal to the sum of -5 and a number The value 1.4 subtracted from a number is 5.7