1 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS F U N D A M E N T A L S O F CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fig. 2. 2 (a) A.

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1 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS F U N D A M E N T A L S O F CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fig (a) A short circuit (R = 0), (b) An open circuit (R=  ).

2 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS F U N D A M E N T A L S O F CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fig Nodes, branches, and loops.

3 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS F U N D A M E N T A L S O F CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fig Currents at a node illustrating KCL.

4 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS F U N D A M E N T A L S O F CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fig A single-loop circuit illustrating KVL.

5 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS F U N D A M E N T A L S O F CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fig A single-loop circuit with two resistors in series.

6 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS F U N D A M E N T A L S O F CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fig Two resistors in parallel

7 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS F U N D A M E N T A L S O F CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fig For Example 2.9

8 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS F U N D A M E N T A L S O F CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fig Two forms of the same network: (a) , (b) .

9 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS F U N D A M E N T A L S O F CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fig Superposition of Y and  networks as an aid in transforming one to another

10 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS F U N D A M E N T A L S O F CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fig (a) Parallel connection of light bulbs, (b) series connection of light bulbs.

11 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS F U N D A M E N T A L S O F CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fig Connection of voltmeter and ammeter to an element