Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT Disicipline ITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP 1 Unit 7 Permutation and Combination.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Permutations and Combinations Rosen 4.3. Permutations A permutation of a set of distinct objects is an ordered arrangement these objects. An ordered arrangement.
Advertisements

Consider the possible arrangements of the letters a, b, and c. List the outcomes in the sample space. If the order is important, then each arrangement.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Combinatorics.
Counting Techniques: Combinations
THE BASIC OF COUNTING Discrete mathematics KNURE, Software department, Ph , N.V. Bilous.
1 Learning Objectives for Section 7.4 Permutations and Combinations After today’s lesson you should be able to set up and compute factorials. apply and.
Counting and Probability The outcome of a random process is sure to occur, but impossible to predict. Examples: fair coin tossing, rolling a pair of dice,
Multiplication Rule. A tree structure is a useful tool for keeping systematic track of all possibilities in situations in which events happen in order.
Today Today: Reading: –Read Chapter 1 by next Tuesday –Suggested problems (not to be handed in): 1.1, 1.2, 1.8, 1.10, 1.16, 1.20, 1.24, 1.28.
CSE115/ENGR160 Discrete Mathematics 04/17/12
ENM 207 Lecture 5. FACTORIAL NOTATION The product of positive integers from 1 to n is denoted by the special symbol n! and read “n factorial”. n!=1.2.3….(n-2).(n-1).n.
Combinations We should use permutation where order matters
Discrete Mathematics Lecture 6 Alexander Bukharovich New York University.
Lecture 07 Prof. Dr. M. Junaid Mughal
Elementary Counting Techniques & Combinatorics Martina Litschmannová K210.
4. Counting 4.1 The Basic of Counting Basic Counting Principles Example 1 suppose that either a member of the faculty or a student in the department is.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Combinatorics.
Chapter 7 Logic, Sets, and Counting Section 4 Permutations and Combinations.
6  Sets and Set Operations  The Number of Elements in a Finite Set  The Multiplication Principle  Permutations and Combinations Sets and Counting.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 9 COUNTING AND PROBABILITY.
1 Permutations and Combinations. 2 In this section, techniques will be introduced for counting the unordered selections of distinct objects and the ordered.
1 Discrete Structures – CNS2300 Text Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications (5 th Edition) Kenneth H. Rosen Chapter 4 Counting.
Counting. Product Rule Example Sum Rule Pigeonhole principle If there are more pigeons than pigeonholes, then there must be at least one pigeonhole.
1 Melikyan/DM/Fall09 Discrete Mathematics Ch. 6 Counting and Probability Instructor: Hayk Melikyan Today we will review sections 6.4,
Topics to be covered: Produce all combinations and permutations of sets. Calculate the number of combinations and permutations of sets of m items taken.
Chapter 6 With Question/Answer Animations 1. Chapter Summary The Basics of Counting The Pigeonhole Principle Permutations and Combinations Binomial Coefficients.
Permutations and Combinations
Fall 2002CMSC Discrete Structures1 One, two, three, we’re… Counting.
Methods of Counting Outcomes BUSA 2100, Section 4.1.
Chapter 3 Permutations and combinations
NO ONE CAN PREDICT TO WHAT HEIGHTS YOU CAN SOAR
Section 10-3 Using Permutations and Combinations.
March 10, 2015Applied Discrete Mathematics Week 6: Counting 1 Permutations and Combinations How many different sets of 3 people can we pick from a group.
Fall 2015 COMP 2300 Discrete Structures for Computation Donghyun (David) Kim Department of Mathematics and Physics North Carolina Central University 1.
Dr. Eng. Farag Elnagahy Office Phone: King ABDUL AZIZ University Faculty Of Computing and Information Technology CPCS 222.
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Chapter 4 Counting Techniques.
ICS 253: Discrete Structures I Counting and Applications King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Information & Computer Science Department.
Permutations and Combinations
Chapter 7 Logic, Sets, and Counting Section 4 Permutations and Combinations.
Simple Arrangements & Selections. Combinations & Permutations A permutation of n distinct objects is an arrangement, or ordering, of the n objects. An.
Learning Objectives for Section 7.4 Permutations and Combinations
Barnett/Ziegler/Byleen Finite Mathematics 11e1 Learning Objectives for Section 7.4 Permutations and Combinations The student will be able to set up and.
Permutations and Combinations Section 2.2 & 2.3 Finite Math.
Discrete Mathematics Lecture # 25 Permutation & Combination.
Counting Principles Multiplication rule Permutations Combinations.
Spring 2016 COMP 2300 Discrete Structures for Computation Donghyun (David) Kim Department of Mathematics and Physics North Carolina Central University.
Permutations and Combinations. 2 In this section, techniques will be introduced for counting the unordered selections of distinct objects and the ordered.
MATH 2311 Section 2.1. Counting Techniques Combinatorics is the study of the number of ways a set of objects can be arranged, combined, or chosen; or.
HAWKES LEARNING Students Count. Success Matters. Copyright © 2015 by Hawkes Learning/Quant Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Section 7.2 Counting Our.
Chapter 7 – Counting Techniques CSNB 143 Discrete Mathematical Structures.
5.5 Generalized Permutations and Combinations
2/24/20161 One, two, three, we’re… Counting. 2/24/20162 Basic Counting Principles Counting problems are of the following kind: “How many different 8-letter.
Copyright © Peter Cappello 2011 Simple Arrangements & Selections.
COUNTING Permutations and Combinations. 2Barnett/Ziegler/Byleen College Mathematics 12e Learning Objectives for Permutations and Combinations  The student.
Section Basic Counting Principles: The Product Rule The Product Rule: A procedure can be broken down into a sequence of two tasks. There are n 1.
Section The Pigeonhole Principle If a flock of 20 pigeons roosts in a set of 19 pigeonholes, one of the pigeonholes must have more than 1 pigeon.
ICS 253: Discrete Structures I Counting and Applications King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Information & Computer Science Department.
Section 6.3. Section Summary Permutations Combinations.
Example A standard deck of 52 cards has 13 kinds of cards, with four cards of each of kind, one in each of the four suits, hearts, diamonds, spades, and.
Chapter 10 Counting Methods.
MATH 2311 Section 2.1.
CSE15 Discrete Mathematics 04/19/17
Copyright © 2016, 2013, and 2010, Pearson Education, Inc.
Permutations and Combinations
CS100: Discrete structures
Chapter 7 Logic, Sets, and Counting
Permutations and Combinations
Counting techniques Basic Counting Principles, Pigeonhole Principle, Permutations and Combinations.
MATH 2311 Section 2.1.
9.1 Basic Combinatorics.
Presentation transcript:

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT Disicipline ITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP 1 Unit 7 Permutation and Combination

IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP2 ‪In this section, techniques will be introduced for counting ‪ the unordered selections of distinct objects and ‪ the ordered arrangements of objects ‪of a finite set.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP3 7.1 Arrangements ‪The number of ways of arranging n unlike objects in a line is n !. ‪Note: n ! = n (n-1) (n-2) ···3 x 2 x 1

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP4 Example ‪It is known that the password on a computer system contain ‪the three letters A, B and C ‪followed by the six digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. ‪Find the number of possible passwords.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP5 Solution ‪There are 3! ways of arranging the letters A, B and C, and ‪6! ways of arranging the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. ‪Therefore the total number of possible passwords is ‪3! x 6! = ‪i.e different passwords can be formed.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP6 Like Objects ‪The number of ways of arranging in a line ‪n objects, ‪of which p are alike, is

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP7 The result can be extended as follows: ‪The number of ways of arranging in a line n objects ‪of which p of one type are alike, ‪q of a second type are alike, ‪r of a third type are alike, and so on, is

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP8 Example ‪Find the number of ways that the letters of the word ‪STATISTICS ‪can be arranged.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP9 Solution ‪The word STATISTICS contains ‪10 letters, in which ‪S occurs 3 times, ‪T occurs 3 times and ‪I occurs twice.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP10 ‪Therefore the number of ways is ‪That is, there are ways of arranging the letter in the word STATISTICS.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP11 Example ‪A six-digit number is formed from the digits ‪1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 5 and ‪repetitions are not allowed. ‪How many these six-digit numbers ‪are divisible by 5?

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP12 Solution ‪If the number is divisible by 5 then it must end with the digit ‪5. ‪Therefore the number of these six-digit numbers which are divisible by 5 is equal to the number of ways of arranging the digits ‪1, 1, 2, 2, 2.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP13 ‪Then, the required number is ‪That is, there are 10 of these six-digit numbers are divisible by 5.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP Permutations ‪A permutation of a set of distinct objects is an ordered arrangement of these objects. ‪An ordered arrangement of r elements of a set is called an r-permutation. ‪The number of r-permutations of a set with n distinct elements,

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP15 ‪Note: 0! is defined to 1, so i.e. the number of permutations of r objects taken from n unlike objects is:

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP16 Example ‪Find the number of ways of placing ‪3 of the letters A, B, C, D, E ‪in 3 empty spaces.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP17 Solution ‪The first space can be filled in ‪5 ways. ‪The second space can be filled in ‪4 ways. ‪The third space can be filled in ‪3 ways.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP18 ‪Therefore there are ‪5 x 4 x 3 ways ‪of arranging 3 letters taken from 5 letters. ‪This is the number of permutations of 3 objects taken from 5 and ‪it is written as P(5, 3), ‪so P(5, 3) = 5 x 4 x 3 = 60.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP19 ‪On the other hand, 5 x 4 x 3 could be written as ‪Notice that the order in which the letters are arranged is important --- ‪ABC is a different permutation from ACB.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP20 Example ‪How many different ways are there to select ‪one chairman and ‪one vice chairman ‪from a class of 20 students.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP21 Solution ‪The answer is given by the number of ‪2-permutations of a set with 20 elements. ‪This is ‪P(20, 2) = 20 x 19 = 380

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP Combinations ‪An r-combination of elements of a set is an unordered selection of r elements from the set. ‪Thus, an r-combination is simply a subset of the set with r elements.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP23 ‪The number of r-combinations of a set with n elements, ‪ where n is a positive integer and ‪ r is an integer with 0 <= r <= n, ‪i.e. the number of combinations of r objects from n unlike objects is

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP24 Example ‪How many different ways are there to select two class representatives from a class of 20 students?

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP25 Solution ‪The answer is given by the number of 2- combinations of a set with 20 elements. ‪The number of such combinations is

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP26 Example ‪A committee of 5 members is chosen at random from ‪6 faculty members of the mathematics department and ‪8 faculty members of the computer science department.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP27 ‪In how many ways can the committee be chosen if ‪(a)there are no restrictions; ‪(b)there must be more faculty members of the computer science department than the faculty members of the mathematics department.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP28 Solution ‪(a)There are 14 members, from whom 5 are chosen. ‪ The order in which they are chosen is not important. ‪ So the number of ways of choosing the committee is ‪ C(14, 5) = 2002.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP29 ‪(b)If there are to be more ‪ faculty members of the computer science department than ‪ the faculty members of the mathematics department, ‪ then the following conditions must be fulfilled.

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP30 ‪(i)5 faculty members of the computerscience department. ‪ The number of ways of choosing is ‪C(8, 5) = 56. ‪(ii)4 faculty members of the computer science department and ‪1 faculty member of the mathematics department

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP31 ‪The number of ways of choosing is ‪ C(8, 4) x C(6, 1) = 70 x 6 = 420. ‪(iii) 3 faculty members of the computer science department and 2 faculty members of the mathematics department ‪ The number of ways of choosing is ‪ C(8, 3) x C(6, 2) = 56 x 15 = 840

Unit 7 Permutation and Combination IT DisiciplineITD1111 Discrete Mathematics & Statistics STDTLP32 ‪Therefore the total number of ways of choosing the committee is ‪ = 1316.