Supreme Court Cases EOC Review Becky Griffith

Marbury v. Madison, 1803 Judicial Review

McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 National Supremacy (States can not tell the federal government what to do!) Implied Powers (Federal government does have the right to create a Central Bank!)

Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824 National Supremacy (National license takes precedent over state license!) Commerce Defined (Changed the definition of the word “commerce” to include “transportation”)

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Separate, But Equal!

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 1954 Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Desegregated the Public Schools

Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education, 1969 Allowed forced busing and other state required measures to desegregate the public schools

Korematsu v. United States, 1944 Japanese Internment camps during World War II were constitutional Executive Order 9066 was legal

Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, 1964 Desegregated public places of accommodation Civil Rights Act of 1964 was legal

Furman v. Georgia, 1972 Death Penalty was unconstitutional Death Penalty was cruel and unusual punishment

Gregg v. Georgia, 1976 Death Penalty is Constitutional with certain conditions Trial and Sentencing must occur separately

Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963 You have a right to an attorney whether you can afford one or not!

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 1978 Affirmative Action Reverse Discrimination Race can be used as criterion in admissions decisions in institutions of higher education

New Jersey v. T.L.O., 1985 Police must have Probable Cause to search Teachers only need Reasonable Suspicion to search

Bethel School District v. Frasier, 1986 Principals can censor and prohibit the use of vulgar, lewd, and offensive speech

Tinker v. Des Moines, 1969 Silent protest in schools is okay as long as it does not interfere with the learning environment Arm Bands / Vietnam War

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, 1988 Principals can edit school publications (school newspapers) “reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns”

Texas v. Johnson, 1989 Flag Burning is legal!

Engel v. Vitale, 1962 State ordained school prayer is illegal!

Miranda v. Arizona, 1966 You have the right to know and to be informed of your rights! Due Process

Mapp v. Ohio, 1961 Exclusionary Rule for illegally obtained evidence at all levels of government Police must have search warrant

In Re Gault, 1967 Juveniles tried for crimes in delinquency proceedings should have the right of due process protected by the 14th Amendment. The right to timely notification of charges The right to confront witnesses The right against self-incrimination The right to counsel

State Supreme Court Cases

State v. Mann, 1830 Slave owner can do whatever is necessary to keep the slaves under control The judge said, “ The Power of the master must be absolute, to render the submission of the slave perfect.”

The Leandro Case At a minimum (A) every classroom must have a competent, certified well-trained teacher, (B) every school be led by a well-trained Principal and (C) every school be provided the resources necessary to support the effective instructional program. Required Pre-K Programs for At-Risk children