2 2003, TNA543 於台南機場撞上施工車輛

Aloha Airline

5 25 July 2000; Air France CONCORDE ON FIRE AFTER TAKE-OFF near Paris, France:

6 Air France Concorde Accident 25 July 2000 The aircraft was on a charter flight from Charles de Gaulle airport near Paris to JFK airport in New York. Shortly before rotation, the front right tire of the left landing gear ran over a strip of metal which had fallen off of another aircraft. Pieces of the damaged tire were thrown against the aircraft structure. There was a subsequent fuel leak and major fire under the left wing.

7 Air France Concorde Accident 25 July 2000 Shortly afterwards, power was lost on engine number two and for a brief period on engine number one. The aircraft was neither able to climb nor accelerate, and the crew found that the landing gear would not retract. The aircraft maintained a speed of 200 kt and an altitude of 200 feet for about one minute.

Air France Concorde Accident 25 July 2000 The crew lost control of the aircraft and crashed into a hotel in the town of Gonesse shortly after engine number one lost power for the second time. All 100 passengers and nine crew members were killed. Four people on the ground were also killed.

Understanding Microburst

Definition of Microburst A microburst is a small, very intense downdraft that descends to the ground resulting in a strong wind divergence. The size of the event is typically less than 4 kilometers across. Micro bursts are capable of producing winds of more than 100 mph causing significant damage. The life span of a microburst is around 5-15 minutes. When rain falls below cloud base or is mixed with dry air, it begins to evaporate and this evaporation process cools the air. The cool air descends and accelerates as it approaches the ground. When the cool air approaches the ground, it spreads out in all directions and this divergence of the wind is the signature of the microburst.

US Air traffic controller

An extreme example Communication between pilot and New York JFK Airport air traffic controller e16e92c3408b94463c119f1cb17f001 e16e92c3408b94463c119f1cb17f001

A380: Crisis in the cockpit Nov 4th 2010, from Singapore to Sidney, Qantas flight 32 fits was an amazing chain of improbable failures of vital system. The high-tech plane issued a whopping 54 safety alerts made a routine flight turned out to be a blessing in disguise…

Human behavior Human behavior is the population of behaviors exhibited by humans and influenced by culture,attitudes, emotions, values, ethics, authority, rapport, persuasion, coercion and genetics The behavior of people falls within a range with some behavior being common, some unusual, some outside acceptable limits…i.e. each people’s behavior is vary to the others.

Definition of human error “Planned actions that fail to achieve their desired consequences without the intervention of some chance or unforeseeable agency” (Reason, 1990, p.17). Errare Humanum Est- To Err is Human

Differentiations of human error Slips - Which occur as the result of minor errors of execution. Lapses - Which occur when a pilot becomes distracted and doesn’t complete a task or omits a step whilst performing it. Mistakes - Which occur when actions conform to an inadequate plan. Violations - Which occur where actions deviate from safe procedures standards or rules, be they deliberate or erroneous. Source: Straus, 2004: Reason, 1990