Fire Support/Target Acquisition

Terminal Learning Objective Action: Become familiar with fire support assets, target acquisition, and fire support planning Condition: Given a period of instruction in a classroom environment Standard: Be able to apply information learned to target acquisition, and fire support planning operations

Safety Requirements- Fire Risk Assessment- Low Environmental Considerations- Trash Evaluation- You will be evaluated on target acquisition and fire support during mission planning, STX and the FTX.

REFERENCES FM 6-30 Observed Fire FM 3-09.30 TTP’s for Observed Fire and Fire Support at Battalion Task Force and Below Command General Staff College ST 100-3 FM 3-09.32 (FM 90-20) Multiservice Procedures For The Joint Application Of Firepower

FIRE SUPPORT HISTORY Artillery has killed more service members than any other weapon Doctrine during World War I was lengthy artillery barrages by massed artillery formations. Barrages lasting up to 7 days were not uncommon (Verdun, Ypers, the Somme). Germans pioneered the short, quick barrage to inflict the maximum amount of damage and confusion to gain the element of surprise. Russian doctrine during World War II and beyond was massed artillery units (brigades) to eliminate grid squares at a time before attacking.

“During OIF, indirect fires played a major role in the support of maneuver operations. Division decentralized and pushed down indirect fire assets to the maneuver brigade and battalion level for timely fires. This was critical, as many engagements happened while on the move and occurred quickly on the battlefield.” After Action Report 3ID

DEFINITION Fire support is the collective and coordinated use of target acquisition and all fire support assets in support of a battle plan.

Enabling Learning Objective A Action: Become familiar with the different types of fire support assets which can be available in support of reconnaissance type missions Condition: Given a period of instruction in a classroom environment Standard: Understand the different types of fire support assets that are in the armed forces arsenal.

Weapon Types Mortars Provide high rates of fire Excellent quick illumination and smoking capabilities Extremely mobile M224 60mm, M252 81mm, M120 120mm Artillery Low and high angle fires Very effective for point and area targets Capable of distributing large quantities of various ammunitions M102 105mm, M109 155mm self prop, M198 155mm towed

M777/M777E1 Lightweight 155mm Howitzer Weapon Types M777/M777E1 Lightweight 155mm Howitzer M777 Lightweight 155-mm Howitzer, weighs 9,200 lb (42% less than its M198 Howitzer predecessor) and fires NATO-standard 30km-range ammunition Model M777E1, incorporates a 500lb digital fire-control system boosting its weight to slightly more than 9,700 lb. Is in low-rate initial production to replace aging M198 howitzers currently in use by both the U.S. Army and Marine Corps M777E1 and Excalibur will provide precision strike capability to cannon artillery. Excalibur will eventually provide 10m accuracy and a maximum range of 40km. The M777E1 and Excalibur combination will be fielded to the Army’s Stryker Brigade Combat Teams and the XVIII Airborne Corps Artillery

Weapon Types MLRS/MLRS(ExtendedRange) Excellent range 10,000-32,000m/13,000-45,000m (ER) High rate of fire (12 rockets in 40 seconds at up to 6 aiming points) Extremely mobile (2-20 minutes to emplace system to fire) MLRS (Army TACtical Missile System) Greater range than MLRS (25-300km depending on type of munitions) Various types of munitions Can fire two missiles in less than 20 seconds at one or two aimpoints

Weapon Types High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) Highly mobile artillery rocket system with the same firepower as an MLRS but on a wheeled chassis Designed to engage and defeat artillery, ADA, and other soft targets and move away at high speed before enemy can locate the launch site Carries a single 6 pack of MLRS rockets or 1 ATACM missile Can fire all rockets that the MLRS can fire C-130 transportable

Weapon Types Naval Surface Fire Support Ship Types High rates of fire (20 rounds per minute max and sustained) Capable of destroying mass targets Low trajectory Good range (12,200m reduced charge/23,100m full charge) Ship Types Guided Missile Cruiser (CGN & CG) Guided Missile Destroyer (DDG) Destroyer (DD) Guided Missile Frigate (FFG) Amphibious Assault Ship

Weapon Types Close Air Support Fixed wing aircraft (A-10, F-15, F-16, F/A-18) Most aircraft are fitted with FM radio systems Can deliver precision and non precision munitions Laser designation capable in most cases Helicopter Close Air Support AH-64A/D, AH-1, OH-58D Can adjust indirect fires Excellent in breaking up enemy attacks and counterattacks

Ammunition Types High Explosive (HE) Standard shell used in adjusting fire. This projectile gives the greatest fragmentation effect. Improved Conventional Munitions (ICM) Consists of a number of small antipersonnel bomblet encased in a shell. These bomblets are ejected from the base of the round along the trajectory. Each bomblet has an effective burst radius of approximately 5 meters. 105mm = 18 bomblets 155mm = 60 bomblets

Ammunition Types Dual purpose improved conventional munitions (DPICM) This projectile contains shaped charge antipersonnel / anti-material bomblets. (Available in 155mm and MLRS) 155mm = 88 bomblets MLRS = 644 M77 APAM (Anti-personnel, anti material) or 518 XM85 DPICM Anti-personnel (APERS) Used for self-protection in direct fire with a range of 3 to 3000 meters. Loaded with 8000 flechettes. (Available in 105mm only) Illumination Projectile for 155mm produces 1,000,000 candlelight power for 2 minutes. Projectile for 105mm produces 600,000 candlelight power for 75 seconds

Ammunition Types Chemical White phosphorous (WP) Smoke Agents available in various types (CS, Tear Gas) White phosphorous (WP) Effective against combustible material targets when mixed with HE Smoke Best used for screening, spotting and signaling purposes High Explosive Antitank (HEAT) Available only for 105mm and is used in direct fire

Ammunition Types Cannon launched guided projectile (COPPERHEAD) 155mm with a shaped charge warhead and a laser seeker. When fired at a moving or stationary hard point target, the CLGP homes in on laser energy reflected from the target during the final portion of its trajectory. A remote laser designator provides laser energy. Family of scatterable mines (FASCAM) 155mm can deliver both antipersonnel mines, area denial artillery munitions (ADAM) and anti-armor mines, remote anti-armor mine system (RAMM). There are 36 mines in the ADAM round and 9 mines in the RAAM. Both types will self-destruct after a specific period of time.

Ammunition Types Extended Range Rocket (ER-MLRS) 13-45k range Improved accuracy and range of M26 Reduced dud rate (<1%) 518 M85 DPICM sub-munitions Sub-munitions have self destruct fuze (less than 10 minutes)

Ammunition Types GMLRS Internal guidance and control package 15-60k range Greatly improved accuracy 400+ M85 DPICM sub-munitions Follow on to ER-MLRS

Ammunition Types ATACMS Block I ATACMS Block IA Designed to engage soft stationary targets (ADA, C3, Surface to Surface Missiles, Logistical sites etc.) Range is from 25-165k Contains approx. 950 APAM bomblets It has 3 programmable dispense patterns (small, medium, large) Currently fielded (used in Desert Storm) ATACMS Block IA Designed to engage soft stationary targets from 70-300km Contains approx. 300 APAM bomblets Maintains effectiveness over greater range due to GPS guidance system Three programmable dispense patterns (small, medium, large)

Ammunition Types Semi ballistic, surface to surface guided missile ATACMS BLOCK II Semi ballistic, surface to surface guided missile Carries 13 BAT (Brilliant Anti-Armor) sub-munitions or BAT pre-product planned improvement (P3I) sub-munitions at ranges from 35-140km Once dispensed, the BAT is capable of autonomously seeking and destroying moving armored target through use of acoustic (for acquisition) and infrared sensors (for terminal attack) BAT P3I sub munitions can attack hot or cold, stationary or moving hard or soft targets to include surface missile transporter erector launchers (TELs) Designed to defeat all known reactive armor

Ammunition Types CRUISE MISSILES Long range, subsonic cruise missile used for land attack warfare, launched from surface ships and submarines. Multi purpose (anti shipping, land attack, nuclear attack) 2 warhead configurations-1,000 lb blast/fragmentary or a general purpose sub-munitions dispenser with combined effect bomblets Extreme range (250-1,352 NM) Next generation cruise missile adds the capability to reprogram the missile in flight to strike any of 15 pre programmed alternate targets or redirect the missile to any GPS target coordinates

Fuzes Impact Fuzes Time Fuzes Variable Time (VT) Function when they strike a solid object. They are further classified by delay of action after impact as: Super quick, non-delay, delay, and concrete piercing Time Fuzes Contain a graduated time element, similar to a clock. After projectile has been fired, the fuze functions when the time corresponding to the setting has elapsed. Variable Time (VT) Also referred to as proximity fuzes. They function when they approach any object, which will reflect with sufficient strength signal, radiated from the fuze. This signal detonates the fuze at a predetermined height of burst for the most effective results.

Air Delivered Ordinance Guns 20mm “Vulcan” Standard gun for fighter aircraft, has six rotating barrels, max rate of fire is 6000 rpm (most commonly uses HE incendiary and AP incendiary rounds, allows pinpoint accuracy against personnel, light material, and vehicles). 30mm cannon Common on the A-10, has seven barrels, max rate of fire is 4000 rpm, commonly uses HE incendiary and AP incendiary rounds, allows pinpoint accuracy against personnel, light material, and vehicles. Rockets 2.75 inch rockets 19 tube pods, warheads include HE,HEAT,HEAP, flechettes, and WP

Air Delivered Ordinance Cluster Bomb Units Dispenser with bomblets loaded inside. Depending on the type, bomblets are effective against small area targets consisting of personnel, light material, and armor. General Purpose bombs Available in 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000, and 3000lb sizes Usually have both nose and tail fusing with fuze option selectable from the cockpit for the particular target. Proximity, long delay, magnetic, and seismic fuses are also available.

Air Delivered Ordinance Guided munitions Allows destruction of well-defended point targets from outside effective air defense weapon range. Laser guidance – use of laser, laser designation Electronic guidance – TV camera (dark/light contrast), fire and forget Anti-radiation missiles – emitted from radar, used in air defense suppression

What are two types of weapon systems available for fire support? Question What are two types of weapon systems available for fire support?

Mortars Artillery MLRS Fixed Wing Aircraft Helicopters Question What are two types of weapon systems available for fire support? Mortars Artillery MLRS Fixed Wing Aircraft Helicopters

What are two types of air delivered ordinance? Question What are two types of air delivered ordinance?

Guns Rockets Cluster Bomb Units General Purpose Bombs Guided Munitions Question What are two types of air delivered ordinance? Guns Rockets Cluster Bomb Units General Purpose Bombs Guided Munitions

Enabling Learning Objective B Action: Become familiar with the aspects regarding target acquisition Condition: Given a period of instruction in a classroom environment Standard: Understand the concepts of target acquisition

Target Acquisition Defined When elements provide terminal guidance by voice, signal or by marking the target with laser designators. There are typically two teams in a target acquisition mission: the security team and the acquisition team.

Target Acquisition Mission Planning Factors / Considerations PZ Planning Route Planning Personnel Markings Position Markings PRF Codes Authentication Codes Communications Battle Damage Assessment Withdrawal

LRS/Reconnaissance Team Capabilities Target Acquisition LRS/Reconnaissance Team Capabilities Observed fire missions Close air support missions Laser missions Naval surface fire support Battle damage assessment

Target Acquisition Observed Fire Missions Grid Polar Shift The observer locates the target by giving the actual grid location Polar The observer describes the target location in relation to himself Shift The observer describes the target location in relation to a point of know location (i.e. planned target or know point)

Target Acquisition Artillery/Mortar Fire Request 1st Transmission (Mandatory Call) 1. Observer ID (Call Sign) 2. Warning Order (Adjust Fire, Fire for Effect, Immediate Suppression, Immediate Smoke, SEAD, Suppress, Adjust Fire-polar, shift), insert known point or target number if using polar or shift method. 2nd Transmission (Mandatory Call) 3. Target Location (can be given in 3 ways: grid, polar plot and shift from a know point. 3rd Transmission (Mandatory Call) Target Description (brief but accurate statement describing the target) Method of Engagement (not needed except if Danger Close), ammo type, etc Method of Fire and Control (not needed), At My Command, Request Time of Flight, TOT, Direction etc. -Must give OT direction and distance before first adjustment

Target Acquisition CAS Request Terminal Controller: (aircraft call sign), this is (terminal controller) Initial Point/Battle Position Heading (IP/BP to Target in degrees magnetic)-Offset l/r Distance (IP to Target in nautical miles/BP to Target in meters) TGT elevation (in feet/Mean Sea Level) TGT description TGT location (Lat/Log, grid coordinates to include map datum [i.e., WGS-84] offsets or visual aids) Type of mark (WP, Laser, IR, Beacon)/ Code (actual code) Location of friendly units (from target, cardinal directions and distance in meters)-Position marked by Egress / remarks

AC-130 Gunship Call For Fire Target Acquisition AC-130 Gunship Call For Fire 1. Observer/Warning Order (AC-130 call sign), This is (observer call sign), fire mission, over 2. Friendly location/Mark:”my position (TRP, Grid, etc) Marked by (Strobe, IR Strobe, Beacon, etc) 3. Target Location: (Bearing [magnetic] & Range [meters], TRP, Grid, etc) 4. Target Description/Mark: (Target description), Marked by (IR pointer, tracer, etc), Over 5. Remarks: (Threats, Danger Close, Restrictions, At My Command, etc) Only adjust for marking rounds or incorrect target. Adjust from impact by giving range (meters) and cardinal direction Danger close is 200m for 105mm and 125mm for 40mm and 25mm

Target Acquisition H-CAS Unit ID Friendly location Threats in area Beacon type / codes used (marker) Magnetic bearing from your position to TGT Distance from your position to TGT Description of TGT

Target Acquisition Naval Surface Fire Support POLAR PLOT DIRECTION (in mils/degrees to nearest 10 mils or 1 degree) DISTANCE (in meters to nearest 100m) UP/DOWN (vertical shift) (in meters to nearest 5m if greater than 30m) SHIFT FROM A KNOWN POINT SHIFT (target number/reference point) DIRECTION (from observer to target) (in mils/degrees to nearest 10 mils or 1 degree RIGHT/LEFT (lateral shift) (in meters to nearest 10m) ADD/DROP (range shift) (in meters to nearest 100m) UP/DOWN (vertical shift) (in meters to nearest 5m)

Target Acquisition Naval Surface Fire Support Grid Method (given in two transmissions) 1st Transmission (Ship call sign) THIS IS (observer call sign) FIRE MISSION, TARGET # (assigned by observer), OVER 2nd Transmission GRID (6 digit UTM), ALTITUDE (meters, MSL), DIRECTION (mils, deg), OVER. Target Description-Description, Size, Activity Method of Engagement-Danger Close, Ammo/Fuze Type etc. (optional) Method of Control-Fire for Effect, Cannot Observe, At My Command (optional)

Target Acquisition Laser Missions The use of laser technology on the battlefield has developed in three primary areas Laser target ranging and designation systems Laser acquisition systems Laser guided munitions (LGM)

Target Acquisition Laser Mission Requirements There are three basic requirements for using laser designators with laser acquisition devices or laser guided munitions The pulse repetition frequency (PRF) code of the laser designator and the laser acquisition device or LGM must be the same An agreed upon direction of attack is necessary The laser designator must be lasing or “painting” the target at the correct time

Laser Mission Requirements Target Acquisition Laser Mission Requirements DANGER!!! To keep the LGM from locking onto the designator instead of the target the angle between the designator-target line and the missile-target line should be less then 60 degrees. The team must ensure the launch platform knows the location of the observer so that the launch platform can be repositioned if necessary. With cannon launched munitions this may determine the direction from which the team must attack the objective.

Laser Target Designators Target Acquisition Laser Target Designators -AN/PAQ-1 Laser Target Designator (LTD) Near infrared laser rangefinder/designator use to obtain target range Can be used with homing weapons such as the Copperhead 155mm, HELLFIRE and MAVERICK missiles and guided bombs Shoulder or tripod mounted 6 lbs in weight

Target Acquisition Laser Target Designators - AN/TVQ-2 Ground/Vehicle Laser Locator Designator (G/VLLD) Operated from tripod mount or Fire Support Team Vehicle Greater power and accuracy allows for spotting targets at greater distance than the AN/PAQ-1

Laser Target Designators Target Acquisition Laser Target Designators -AN/PAQ-3 Modular Universal Laser Equipment (MULE) Man portable tripod mounted or shoulder fired unit Used to locate targets and guide laser guided projectiles to their target Can track moving targets, combine range, azimuth, and elevation into a digital message to be sent to the fire control center Magnification-10x / Run Time-10 minute / Recharge time for batteries-7hrs

Laser Target Designators Target Acquisition Laser Target Designators -AN/PEQ-1 SOF Laser Marker (SOFLAM) SOF specific laser rangefinder and designating unit for SOF forces Lighter and smaller than current laser markers Able to locate, designate critical enemy targets for laser guided munitions Weight- 12 lbs Ranging-200 to 9995 meters (+/- 5m) Magnification-10x

Laser Target Designators Target Acquisition Laser Target Designators -Ground Laser Target Designator (GLTD II) Compact, lightweight, single man laser target designator and rangefinder Enables soldiers to direct laser guided “smart” weapons such as the Hellfire, Paveway glide bomb, and Copperhead artillery munitions. In service with 14 countries (11 NATO allies) Magnification-10x Ranging-200 to 19,995 meters (+ / - 5 meters)

Laser Target Designators Target Acquisition Laser Target Designators -LIGHTWEIGHT LASER DESIGNATOR RANGEFINDER (LLDR) Compact (Battery [BA-5590 or BA-390], Cables, Tripod Assembly) Lightweight-32 lbs as a total unit to include night sight Range-100 to 19,995m (5m increments) as rangefinder / in excess of 5 km as designator Also can be use with next generation munitions such as Sense and Destroy Armor (SADARM), Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM), Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW), BAT (Brilliant Anti Tank)

Laser Target Designators Target Acquisition Laser Target Designators LIGHTWEIGHT LASER DESIGNATOR RANGEFINDER (LLDR) Target Location Module (TLM) (High Resolution IR Sensor, Day Light TV, Eye safe Laser Range Finder) Handheld Computer Laser Target Module (LDM), Laser Target Designator Battery Case Plugger

Target Acquisition Laser Range Finders -AN/GVS-5 Handheld, near infrared laser rangefinder Used for observation and target acquisition Includes 7 x 15 sighting optic and multiple target indicator Can take approx. 100 rangings before a new battery is needed NOT EYESAFE

Target Acquisition Laser Range Finders -MARK VII Designed for day/night use by artillery FO’s, FAC’s and Long Range Reconnaissance Patrols Provides accurate range, azimuth and vertical elevation to target Has a digital output Eyesafe Weight 4.2 lbs Range is 200m-10+k Integrated Image Intensifier

Target Acquisition Laser Range Finders -VIPER / VECTOR -Laser range finder capable of determining range, azimuth to target, size of target and heading information up to 4,000m -Can be connected to Plugger 2 GPS to give a 10 digit grid to the target -Can also calculate latitude and longitude of the target

AN/PVS-6 MELIOS CHARACTERISTICS: LIGHTWEIGHT, INDIVIDUALLY OPERATED HANDHELD OR TRIPOD MOUNTED LASER RANGEFINDER CAPABLE OF DETERMINING RANGES FROM 50-9995 METERS IN 5 METER INCREMENTS AND DISPLAYING THE RANGE IN THE EYEPIECE 7x MAGNIFICATION 7 DEGREE FIELD OF VIEW SYSTEM WEIGHT IS 6.5 POUNDS OPERATING TEMPERATURE –26 F TO 120 F RANGE ACCURACY OF +/- 5 M

Target Acquisition Lessons Learned PAC-4 PEQ-2 PEQ-6 Provides significant advantage at night The enemy never seemed to grasp that we could see and hit them at night Covers on PAC4 are prone to fall off PEQ6 consumed batteries to quickly and was to easy to accidentally turn on Pressure switches were a common point of failure

Target Acquisition Keys to Success Planning: Task organization, coordination Communications: equipment (HF, FM, UHF, SATCOM) Equipment: STANO (lasers, thermals) Support: launch platform, insert/extract platform Training: use of equipment, method of request Rehearsals: PCIs

Name three types of LRS/reconnaissance team capabilities? Question Name three types of LRS/reconnaissance team capabilities?

Name three types of LRS/reconnaissance team capabilities? Question Name three types of LRS/reconnaissance team capabilities? Observed Fire Missions Close Air Support Missions Laser Missions Naval Surface Fire Support Battle Damage Assessment

Enabling Learning Objective C Action: Become familiar with the aspects of Fire Support Planning and Coordination Condition: Given a period of instruction in a classroom environment Standard: Be able to coordinate and plan for a fire support

Fire Support Defined Fire Support is the collective and coordinated use of target acquisition and all fire support assets in support of a battle plan

Fire Support Fire Support Planning Fire Support planning is the continual process of analyzing, allocating, and scheduling fire support. The goal of fire support planning is to effectively integrate fires into battle plans to optimize combat power. It is performed concurrently with battle planning.

Fire Support Fire Support Coordination Fire Support Coordination is the continual process of: Implementing fire support planning and managing the fire support assets that are available to a maneuver force Deciding whether to attack a target Determining what type of fire support asset to use against a target Establishing priorities for fire support Linking observation and delivery assets to meet requirements

Fire Support Fire Planning Fire planning is the continual process of selecting targets on which fires are prearranged to support a phase of the commanders plan Fire Support Assets Field artillery, mortars, naval gunfire, close air support, attack helicopters, electronic warfare

Fire Support Planning Guidelines for Fire Support Consider the scheme of maneuver Plan early and continuously Use lowest echelon able to furnish effective fire support Use the most effective means Avoid unnecessary duplication of targets (2 assets firing at the same target) Provide for safety of friendly forces and installations

Fire Support Planning Question to ask when planning for fire support What is the mission? What is the enemy situation? What are known or suspected enemy locations? What are the most likely avenues of approach? What assets are providing the fires? Is there a requirement to adjust smoke or illumination? Are there any restrictive fire support coordinating measures required? What are the communications requirements? What are future plans, high payoff/high value targets?

Fire Support Target Terms A target is personnel, material, or a piece of terrain that is designated and numbered for future reference and / or firing. Each target can be classified as either a planned or target of opportunity. Target of opportunity – is a target that appears during combat that can be reached by ground, naval, or aircraft fire, and against which fires have not been planned Planned target – a planned target is one for which fire is prearranged. The degree of prearrangement varies, but some arrangement has been made to facilitate its engagement. Individually, planned targets may be further subdivided into scheduled, on-call, and priority targets

Fire Support Scheduled target – is a planned target on which fire is to be delivered at a specific time. This time may be related to an H-hour or another time reference. Once the reference has been established, the scheduled target will have a definite time sequence. On-call target – is a planned target other than a scheduled target on which fires are to be delivered upon request. The On-call target requires less reaction time than a target of opportunity. Priority target – is a target on which the delivery of fires takes precedence over all other fires for the designated firing unit or element. Priority targets are designated by the supported commander who also gives the support coordinator (FSCOOR) specific guidance as to when they will become priority targets, and when they will cease to be priority targets

Individual Planned Targets Fire Support Individual Planned Targets Point Target – a conventional / point target normally is a target area 200 meters in size. Minimum accuracy of the target location on the target list is a six-digit grid. AA3411

Fire Support Linear Target – a linear target is one that is more than 200m but normally less than 800m long. Targets longer than 200m will require additional fire support assets or will be made into multiple targets. AA3412 A linear target is designated by two grids or a center grid, length and attitude.

Rectangular Target – is wider and longer than 200m, the target is designated on the target list by four grids or by the center grid, length, and width, and attitude. Fire Support AA3412

Fire Support Circular Target – is a circular pattern or is vague as to exact composition. The target is designated by a center grid and radius. AA3214

Fire Support Target Reference Point Maneuver units use a target reference point (TRP) to orient direct-fire weapon systems. The symbol is the same as for a point target with a target number and a TRP number. TRP’s are included in the Target List.

Fire Support Coordination Measures Facilitate rapid management of targets Prevents fratricide Compliments maneuver graphic control measures ALL FSCMs ARE DEPICTED IN BLACK

Fire Support Coordination Measures Types of FSCMs Permissive – expedites the attack of targets and allows you to fire without coordination Examples: boundaries, free fire area Restrictive – provides safeguards for friendly forces and requires coordination prior to attack. Examples: boundaries, restrictive fire area, no fire area, airspace coordination area Fire Support Coordination Measures

Fire Support Coordination Measures RFA – Restrictive Fire Area is an area which specific restrictions and in which fires that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination. Used to protect an area from a certain type or size of munition. Established by battalion or higher (occasionally a company operating independently) RFA 2-502 INF 120030(Z)FEB01-131200(Z)FEB01 NO DPICM

Fire Support Coordination Measures NFA – is an area in which no fires or their effects are allowed. Establishing HQ may allow fires on a mission by mission basis. Fire Support Coordination Measures NFA 1-325 AIR 180700(Z)DEC01-210700(Z)DEC01

Fire Support Coordination Measures ACA – A block of airspace designed to facilitate the simultaneous attack of targets by both attack aircraft and surface fires. ACA EFF: 3rd BDE 240800(Z)DEC01 MIN ALT 500ft 240900(Z)DEC01 MAX ALT 5000ft

Graphically portrays Targets and FSCM Target Worksheet Fire Support Overlay Graphically portrays Targets and FSCM Target Worksheet Header -Type of overlay (FS/Restrictive) -Unit and Team -Map Type and Size/Scale -Date -Person who created overlay 15 86 16 87 Grid References -2 overlays each for Targets and FSCM’s -1 set for the team -1 set for coordination's Legend -Planned Targets -Linear Targets -Circular Targets -NFA’s / RFA’s -FSCM’s 5 76 6 77

Fire Support Overlay All NFA’s / RFA’s will be 500m in diameter (250m in radius) when making your FSCM overlay Insure to put all pertinent data in your symbol 250m

Target List Worksheet Preliminary list of targets which facilitate fire support planning: Describes the target Has location and pertinent information Once target list is approved it is disseminated to all fire support agencies May include: ALT, ATT, and source or information

Planning Considerations at DIV / CORPS Level Operations must look at the HPT / HVT and the NFA / RFA list provided in the DIV / CORPS fire support annex to ensure unit is not in conflict with higher Units should review the FS annex prior to planning targets if available Coordination measures must also be made with outside agencies

Question All Fire Support Coordination Measures (FSCM’s) are depicted in what color?

Question All Fire Support Coordination Measures (FSCM’s) are depicted in what color? BLACK

Question What is an ACA used for?

Question What is an ACA used for? It is a block of airspace designed to facilitate the simultaneous attack of targets by both attack aircraft and surface fires.

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