Sound and Music Pages 8-10

Music Improvisation- making up melody as you go along Sound organized in time Needed: time frame, sound waves, ability to perceive sound Improvisation- making up melody as you go along

Physics of Musical Sounds Sound waves Amplitude=volume(how loud or soft) Frequency=pitch(how high or low) Pitched and non-pitched

Instruments Ethnomusicologists-study music of other cultures Curt Sachs and Erich von Hornbostel categorized instruments into four groups

Categories Chordophones Aerophones One or more strings Plucked, bowed, struck Vibrating strings produce sounds Aerophones Brass and wind instruments Vibrating columns of air

Categories (cont.) Membranophones Idiophones Electrophones Skin/membrane stretched across frame Membrane vibrates Drum Idiophones Body of instrument vibrates Bells, woodblocks, xylophones Electrophones

Instrument Families Strings- Chordophones Brass-Aerophones Violins, violas, cello, double bass Brass-Aerophones Trumpet, French Horn, Trombone, Tuba Woodwind-Aerophones Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Saxophone, Bassoon

Instrument Families (cont.) Percussion- membranophones and idiophones Snare drum, timpani, xylophone, cymbals Keyboard- varies Piano, harpsichord, organ

Electronic Instruments Began to appear first decades of 20th century Theremin Electronic and radio technology during war was repurposed for the arts after the war.