SKELETAL SYSTEM

206 total bones: 80 axial, 126 appendicular FUNCTION OF BONE: 1. Structure & support (skeletal system provides framework for body to be built upon) 2. Protection (protects organs from injury) 3. Movement (bones anchor muscles, act as levers) 4. Production of blood cells 5. Storage of minerals (calcium, phosphorous)

1.Periosteum * fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bone * supplies nutrients for growth 2.Marrow * tube-like hallow in the shaft of the bone, blood supply 3.Epiphysis/ Epiphyseal plate * growth plate, ends of long bone 4.Ossification * process of forming bone

1. Long bones: support weight, serve as levers, (i.e. tibia, fibula, femur, phalange) 2. Short or Irregular bones: cubed or irregular in shape, found where little or no motion is required, (i.e. carpals, tarsals) 3. Flat bones: thin bones that protect (i.e. scapula, sternum) 4. Sesamoid bones: bones that develop in tendons (i.e. patella)

All joints consist of bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, synovial fluid 1. Tendons: connect muscles to bone 2. Ligaments: connect bone to bone 3. Cartilage: soft tissue that provides cushioning to joint 4. Synovial fluid: lubricates the joint

1.Hinge: convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another (elbow, knee) 2. Pivot: allows rotation around an axis (neck, elbow at forearm) 3.Gliding: bones slide back & forth or side to side (carpals, sternoclavicular) 4. Ball & Socket: allows for movement in almost any direction (hips, shoulders) Types of Joints

BONE INJURIES / DISEASES * Fracture: broken bone * Leukemia: cancer in which abnormal white blood cells(WBC) multiply in an uncontrolled manner & normal WBC can not be produced * Osteoporosis: bone loses calcium and becomes thinner * Arthritis: inflammation of a joint.. joint wears out

BONE INJURIES / DISEASES