Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

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Presentation transcript:

Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations Pre-Columbian Society in North and South America

MesoAmerica Maya, then Aztecs = dominant civilizations Built on the foundation of earlier civilizations eg: Olmec (the big head people) Maize Ball games Temple pyramids/ritual human sacrifice Astronomy/calendar

Aztecs – green Maya - brown

Maya Height – 600CE-900CE Culturally united--- (NOT POLITICALLY) City-states Polytheistic Nobles/Priests = elite class Innovative agriculture b/c of poor soil (chinampas, terraces, irrigation) Glyph writing/zero Downfall? Overtaxed environment, internal warfare

Political Control in Maya City-States Political authority rested with Kings who were closely intertwined with priests and religion Blood-letting rituals were performed by Kings (believed to retain the city-state’s connection to the gods; comparable with China’s idea of the Emperor performing rituals for his ancestors)

Maya – Tikal

Writing Styles

Aztecs Height – 1300CE-1500CE A true, united Empire Invading conquerors from N. Mexico Tenochtitlan – capital w/Emperor Important families controlled outlying areas Conquered people had to give tribute Complex social hierarchy (nobles, priests, etc.) Blood-letting remained an important political ritual Human sacrifice, often – used to control population which had been conquered

Spanish primary source of Aztec human sacrifice

Inca 1400s-1500s South America (Andes Mts.) Also a true united empire Military expansionists Governed territory of over 2,500 miles Used the delightful Llama (pack animal only) Farmed potatoes on terraces God-kings = intermediaries b/t heaven and earth

Social Hierarchy Aristocrats lived privileged lives (fine foods, embroidered clothes, and large ears spools) Inca often integrated conquered elites into their empire’s elite to keep them happy Inca ear spools AKA: Fancy gauges

Cuzco Capital city Connected to outlying areas by 16,000 miles of roads Royal family members ruled outlying areas Tribute state - $$ to Cuzco, emperor ensured everyone had what they needed = a redistributive economy Gov’t control – trade, labor, detailed census, centralized econ, etc.

Labor and Taxes Taxes often paid in labor (called mit’a) Mit’a labor used to create huge terrace, irrigation, and water-control systems Labor groups allyu = extended family organized groups (used b/c of crazy terrain) NO writing – used qipus! Labor and Taxes

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