Kingdom Fungi Diversity of Life ~ Bio 20 Mrs. S. Pipke-Painchaud

Curriculum Connections Recognize the role of monera, protists, and fungi in the ecosystem. 2.1 Describe viral structure and activity. 2.2 Identify some viral diseases prevalent in plants, animals, and humans in Saskatchewan. 2.3 Discuss the various ways bacteria are classified. 2.4 Describe some diseases caused by bacteria which affect organisms living in Saskatchewan. 2.5 Identify some valuable roles played in the ecosystem by bacteria. 2.6 Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 2.7 Describe how the protist kingdom is classified. 2.8 Collect, culture, and observe a variety of protists. 2.9 Describe the general characteristics of fungi Collect and observe some samples of fungi Identify the basic structural features of bacteria.

Fungi Characteristics _____________________ 2. Heterotrophic (saprotrophic) Some are ___________________ 3. Mostly terrestrial 4. ______________________________ 5. Most are multicellular Except _________________ 6. Consist of hyphae (thread like structures) Hyphae tangled together = mycelium Cell walls of _____________________ 7. Reproduce asexually and sexually via spores that develop into hyphae  Info from BSCS 8th Edition

Importance Key ________________ along with bacteria 2. Sources of antibiotics 3. Many cause plant diseases 4. Some form ___________________ relationships 5. Used to produce food: 1. ______________________ 2. Making alcohol 3. Producing drugs  Info from BSCS 8th Edition

Examples Mushrooms, molds, mildews, rusts, smuts

Phylum Zygomycota: Example:  Black Bread mold (can grow on grapes or strawberries, etc)  Some are parasitic (plant disease)  Most are decomposers Characteristics:  No cross walls on hyphae  Reproduction by asexual spores and sexual conjugation to form _________________.  Info from BSCS 8th Edition

Phylum Ascomycota: Sac Fungi Examples:  yeast, apple scab, powdery mildew, blue-green molds,  Morels, ___________________  Chestnut blight and Dutch Elm Disease  _____________________ Fungus Characteristics:  Cross walls divide hyphae  Reproduction: Asexual: Conidiospores Sexual: ___________________________ (produced in the asci – sac like structures) Yeast:  ____________ celled  Essential in bread making and production of alcoholic beverages (i.e. beer and wine) In anaerobic conditions, yeast breaks down sugar into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.  i.e. bread rises, foam on beer  Info from BSCS 8th Edition

Phylum Basidiomycota Club Fungi Examples:  Bracket fungi, smuts, rusts, jelly fungi, puffballs and stinkhorns  ___________________________ Characteristics:  Hyphae divided by cross walls  Reproduction: Sexual: Basidiospores (produced on the basidium)  Info from BSCS 8th Edition

Phylum Deuteromycota _________________________ Fungi Examples:  Fusarium, alternadria, penicillium Penicillium roquefortii = roquefort cheese P. camembertii = camembert cheese P. notatum = drug penicillin Characteristics:  Cross walls divide hyphae  Reproduction: Asexual: spores Sexual: unknown (has not been observed)  Grouped for ______________________________  Info from BSCS 8th Edition

Mycorrhizal Fungi A symbiotic relationship between _________________ and fungi  Fungi absorb soil nutrients and secrete an _____________ that makes the nutrients more available to the plant. ___________ produced in photosynthesis nourish the fungi.  Fungi absorb water and ________________ from other pathogens found in the soil.  Orchids and pines do not grow well if their mycorrihizal fungi are absent.  Increase __________ ___________ of the root

Lichens Is a _______________________ relationship between a fungus and algae or cyanobacterium Looks like a mass of fungal hyphae but are filled with algae. Secrete _____________ which breaks down bare rock (i.e. pioneer organisms); can also tolerate extreme conditions Can completely dry out and become _______________________ until moisture is available. Growth occurs when water is available (grows in spurts) Lichens are good indicators of ______________________ because the toxins are concentrated in the cells.  i.e. radioactive waste has been measured in lichens. (biomagnification) Example:  Reindeer Moss – found in the arctic

Other interesting facts…

Complete the Mushroom Lab