EKT 451/4 SEM 2 Chapter 6 SENSOR & TRANSDUCER SHAIFUL NIZAM MOHYAR

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Transducers PHYS3360/AEP3630 Lecture 33.
Advertisements

By: Engr. Irfan Ahmed Halepoto Assistant Professor, Deptt: Electronics Engg. LECTURE#02 Basics of instrumentation & Measurement systems AUTOMATION & ROBOTICS.
Measurements Measurement of Pressure Part 2d: Measurement of Pressure 1Process Instrumentation Lecture NotesMay-15.
1 Sixth Lecture Types of Transducers and Their Applications Instrumentation and Product Testing.
Variable Capacitance Transducers The Capacitance of a two plate capacitor is given by A – Overlapping Area x – Gap width k – Dielectric constant Permitivity.
GENERALIZED MEASURING SYSTEM Stage 1:A detector- transducing or sensor-transducer stage Stage 2: An intermediate stage, which is called the signal conditioning.
Magnetism The density of a magnetic field (number of magnetic lines passing through a given surface) is the magnetic flux: Units of flux are Webers. Tesla/m.
Self-Induction Transducers ~ AC Supply v ref Inductance Measuring Circuit x (Measurand) Ferromagnetic Target Object Coil is activated by the supply and.
Met 163: Lecture 4 Chapter 4 Thermometry. Thermoelectric Sensors The junction of two dissimilar metals forms a thermocouple. When the two junctions are.
TRANSDUCER.
SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS
SENSORS & TRANSDUCERS.
Pressure Measurement Why is it important?. Pressure Measurement Asses the situation –What is the range of pressures to be measured? –Is pressure dynamic.
Differential Transformer
Classification of Instruments :
Sensors Introduction Describing Sensor Performance Temperature Sensors
Introduction Definitions, classifications, general requirements.
Lecture on Measurement of Non-Electrical Quantities
EKT314/4 Electronic Instrumentation
Inductors. Inductance Electrons in motion create electromagnetic fields – Recall from previous section that electrons in motion also create an electrostatic.
Topic 1 different attributes that characterize sensors ETEC 6405.
Transducer Device when activated from one form energy converted to another quantity or Device which converts one physical quantity or condition to another.
CHAPTER 6 TRANSDUCER.
CHAPTER 8 Sensors and Transducers.
Basics of Measurement and Instrumentation
SENSORS MEETING THE NEEDS OF THE DAY  A device which converts energy or information in one form to another  In other words, a device which provides.
Instructor: Lichuan Gui
Sensors and Electricity. What is a Sensor? A sensor is a device that: A sensor is a device that: 1) Measures a physical quantity 2) Converts this measurement.
Magnetic Contactor For handling large current and voltage.
Transducers/Sensors Transducer/sensor converts a non- electrical quantity, measurand, into a related electrical output signal Ideally there is a linear.
9AEI It is defined as the change of position of a body with respect to a reference It may be Linear motion Rotational motion Displacement.
Biomedical Electrodes, Sensors, and Transducers
MEASUREMENT STANDARDS AND UNITS. Chapter Objectives Contents  To define some measurement terms  To describe basic measurement units and relate to derivative.
Electromagnetic Induction. Motion of a magnet in a coil or loop creates (induces) voltage If coil is connected to complete circuit, current flows Relative.
Displacement and Motion Measurement
CHAPTER 6 TRANSDUCER.
Transducers.
1. 2 Meghanathi Gaurang k ( ) Pandey Prashant D ( ) Mishra sandip R ( )
Electromagnetic Induction
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION
Displacement, Location or Position Sensor Muhajir Ab. Rahim School of Mechatronic Engineering, KUKUM.
Additional information on Passive Probes (10x) Take note that the scope’s input capacitance, C in must falls within the probe’s compensation range For.
Presented by : Anil Agrawal ( ) Harvindar Kaur ( ) Ronak Parmar ( ) Dinesh Patel ( ) Shah Harsh ( )
Characteristics of Instrumentation An instrument is a device that transforms a physical variable of interest (the measurand) into a form that is suitable.
EKT 451 CHAPTER 6 Sensor & Transducers.
PREPARED BY:- ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT&MEASURING instrument
1 Transducers EKT 451 CHAPTER 6. 2 Definition of a Transducers   Transducer is any device that converts energy in one form to energy in another.  
EI1361- MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION -Mrs.V.Devi AP/EEE.
TRANSDUCERS.
1 TRANSDUCER. 2 Contents To understand the basic concept of Transducer To learn about Block diagram of transducer Different Applications of transducers.
TRANSDUCERS PRESENTATION BY: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT.
Electric Pressure Transducer
Instrumentation & Measurement
TRANSDUCERS PRESENTATION BY: Dr.Mohammed Abdulrazzaq
Gujarat Power Engineering & Research Institute
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION
Transducers A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Ex : (Oscilloscope, since it can be used for several types of measurements,
Measurements & Instrumentation – Module 3
Engineering Measurements
Variable Capacitance Transducers
Measurement of Pressure
Introduction What is a transducer? A device which converts energy in one form to another. Transducer Active Passive Generates its own electrical voltage.
Definitions, classifications, general requirements
CHAPTER 8 Sensors and Transducers.
Mechanical Measurements and Metrology
TRANSDUCERS.
Concept and Principles of Transducers and Sensors
Transducer & Sensor 1.
Definitions, classifications, general requirements
Measurement of Motion.
Presentation transcript:

EKT 451/4 SEM 2 Chapter 6 SENSOR & TRANSDUCER SHAIFUL NIZAM MOHYAR UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS SCHOOL OF MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 2007/2008 Chapter 6 EKT 451/4 SEM 2

Definition of a Transducers Transducer is any device that converts energy in one form to energy in another. Convert electrical energy to mechanical displacement. Convert non-electrical physical quantity to electrical signal. e.g. temperature, sound or light to an electrical signal.

Definition of a Transducers Function of transducer To sense the presence, magnitude, change in and frequency of some measurand. To provide an electrical output, when appropriately processed and applied to a readout device. measurand electrical output Excitation

Classification of Transducers Transducer can be classified according to their application, based primarily on their physical quantity, property or condition to be measured. 1) Passive transducers require an external power. Their output is a measure of some variation, such resistance and capacitance. 2) Self generating transducer do not require an external power. they produce analog voltage or current when stimulated by some physical form of energy

Selecting a Transducers Transducer has to be compatible with its application 1) Operating range – should maintain range requirements and good resolution. 2) Sensitivity – must be sensitive enough to allow sufficient output. 3) Frequency response and resonant frequency – is the transducer flat over the needed range. 4) Environment compatibility - corrosive fluids, the pressures, shocks and interactions.

Selecting a Transducers 5) Minimum sensitivity – minimally sensitive to expected stimuli other than measurand. 6) Accuracy – subject to repeatability and calibration errors. 7) Usage and ruggedness - mechanical and electrical intensities versus size and weight. 8) Electrical – what are signal-to-noise ratios when combined with amplifiers and frequency response limitations.

Resistive Transducers Also called displacement transducer. to detect and transmit the physical position of mechanical parts via electrical signals

Strain Gauge Transducers a passive transducer Uses electric resistance variation in wires to sense the strain produced by a force on wires. Measuring weight, pressure, mechanical force, or displacement. A tensile stress tends to elongate the wire and thereby increase its length and decrease its cross sectional area

Capacitive Transducers capacitive transducers can be made to be self-contained units. Some transducers work by making one of the capacitor plates movable, either in such a way as to vary the overlapping area or the distance between the plates. Other transducers work by moving a dielectric material in and out between two fixed plates to detect and transmit the physical position of mechanical parts via electrical signals

Differential Capacitive Transducers have 3 wire connections: one wire for each of the "end" plates and one for the "common" plate. implementation in a bridge circuit

Differential Capacitive Transducers This bridge circuit is similar in function with strain gauges: it is not intended to be in a "balanced" condition all the time, but rather the degree of imbalance represents the magnitude of the quantity being measured.

Inductive Transducers Inductive transducers may be either of the self generating or passive type. The self generating type utilizes the basic electrical generator principle, a motion between a conductor and magnetic field induces a voltage in the conductor (generator action). A tachometer is an inductive transducer that directly converts speed or velocity into electrical signal.

Variable Inductive Transducers this device is a transformer : primary winding powered by an external source of AC voltage, and two secondary windings connected in series-bucking fashion. It is variable because the core is free to move between the windings. When the core is centered and both windings are outputting the same voltage, the net result at the output terminals will be zero volts.

Thermocouple Transducers The Thermocouple is a thermoelectric temperature sensor which consists of two dissimilar metallic wires These two wires are connected at two different junctions, one for temperature measurement and the other for reference The temperature difference between the two junctions is detected by measuring the change in voltage across the dissimilar metals at the temperature measurement junction

Thermocouple Transducers Low cost. No moving parts, less likely to be broken. Wide temperature range. Reasonably short response time. Reasonable repeatability and accuracy.

Thermistor Transducers Have great resistance at low temperatures but when they warm up their resistance decreases rapidly. Current can then flow through them. When the thermistor is warmed up by the hair drier its resistance drops. As its resistance drops, current flows into the base of the transistors allowing the LED to light.

Assignment Design and explain the operation of a system that can control the level and the temperature of water in a tank.