Communicable and Chronic Diseases Chapter 12

Objectives Day 1 The students will be able to recognize behaviors that help reduce the risk of infection from communicable diseases Be able to describe how the immune system works

Communicable Diseases Communicable disease (infectious disease): –An illness caused by pathogens that can be spread from one living thing to another. Pathogen: –A germ that causes disease –Ex. People develop “the flu” when pathogens that cause influenza enter their bodies.

Immune System Removes harmful organisms from the blood and combats pathogens –Immune system is composed of body organs, tissues, cells, and chemicals –The skin is the first line of defense –Perspiration and oils on the skin kill pathogens –Tears contain chemicals that kill pathogens and prevent them from entering eyes –Mucous and hairs that line the inside of nose trap and destroy pathogens

Our Immune System

Immune system Lymphocytes: White blood cells that help the body fight pathogens. –B Cell: White blood cell produced antibodies. –Antibody: Special protein that helps fight infection. –Helper T cell: White blood cell that signals B cells to produce antibodies. –Macrophage: White blood cell that surrounds and destroys pathogens.

Communicable Diseases Bacteria –Single-celled microorganisms More than a thousand types of bacteria –Types of diseases caused by bacteria »Syphilis »______________ »Strep throat »TB (Tuberculosis) »Tetanus »Lyme disease Strep Throat

Communicable Diseases Rickettsia –Pathogens that grow inside living cells and resemble bacteria Protozoa –Tiny, _______-________ organisms that produce toxins that cause disease –Malaria –African sleeping sickness

Communicable Diseases Viruses –Is the smallest known pathogen Viruses spread rapidly –Common Cold –________ –Hepatitis –Mononucleosis –Chickenpox –HIV –Rabies –Influenza

Communicable Diseases Fungi –Single or multi-celled parasitic organisms –_______ can live on skin, mucous membranes, and lungs –Athlete’s foot –Ringworm –Jock itch –Nail infections –Thrush Athlete’s Foot- Above Oral Thrush- Below

Communicable Diseases Helminths –A parasitic ______________ –Caused by eating undercooked pork or fish or from poor hygiene –Tapeworms –Pinworms –Hookworms

The Spread of Pathogens All of these diseases can be spread through direct contact Shacking hands _____________ Sexual intercourse Receiving a transfusion Handling bodily fluids (Blood and Urine) __________ sores