Period 4 – How did the new republic struggle to define and extend democratic ideals in the face of rapid economic, territorial, and demographic changes?

“ALL MEN ARE EQUAL” - DofI ONLY IF YOU ARE WHITE AND HAVE PROPERTY

Warm Up “It is emphatically the province of the Judicial Department to say what the law is” – John Marshall Rephrase the quote into your own words. What is the significance of quote?

Adams’ Midnight Appointments Judiciary Act of 1801 Before leaving office, John Adams signed the Judiciary Act of 1801 which created new circuit courts filled with loyal Federalists: These “midnight appointments” were an obvious attempt to fill the courts with partisan judges The most important Adams’ appointee was John Marshall as Chief Justice of Supreme Court

In 1802, Republicans repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801 & abolished these new federal courts William Marbury sued to the Supreme Court because he was denied his appointment Marbury v. Madison In Marbury v. Madison (1803), Marshall & the court ruled against Marbury that Congress could deny this appointment

POLITICAL

Key Concepts: Judicial Review, Midnight Appointments, Marbury v Madison, Unconstitutional, Federalist, Judges, John Marshall

Marbury v. Madison Madison Marbury

Revolution of 1800! We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. POLITICAL

“Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. If there be any among us who would wish to dissolve this Union or to change its republican form, let them stand undisturbed as monuments of the safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat it.” Thomas Jefferson’s Inaugural Address, March 4, 1801 POLITICAL Warm Up – What does Jefferson mean by the phrase, we are all Republicans, we are all Federalists

Essential Question : How did Jefferson’s Presidency” help forge a new national identity after the “Revolution of 1800”?

Jefferson’s Vision for America (Key Terms: Agrarian, Agriculture, South, West, North, Manufacturing, British,) I like this…. I DONT like this….

SMALL KEPT THIS

The United States in 1800 Kentucky (1792) Ohio (1803) Tennessee (1796)

Indians and New Republic Treaty of Greenville (1795) – Sparked a wave of white migration West

Views on Indian “cut up every Indian Cornfield and burn every Indian town…nation to be extirpated and the lands become the property of the public” - Congressmen William Henry Drayton of SC Every Indian should be “a farmer, a citizen of the United States, and a Christian” – Kentucky Protestant Minister There are two ways to God, one for the whites and one for the Indians.” – Munsee Prophet Our lands are our life and our breath – Creek Chief Hallowing King

Not everyone agreed – Guess who? “We are to give money, which we have too little, for land of which we already have too much.” By doubling the size of the us, this ensured that every man could own land and does not have to depend on the market for food. -- well except slaves.

Cotton, Agriculture, Increased Demand for Slaves, Northern Industrialism,

Eli Whitney, Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom, 1793

Theme #2 Despite his intentions, Jefferson became deeply entangled in the foreign-policy conflicts of the Napoleonic era, leading to a highly unpopular and failed embargo that revived the moribund Federalist Party.

Jefferson Inherited a Problem

Britain seized American merchant ships and recruited soldier to join British military by force

Embargo Act of 1807 – Prohibited American Ships from leaving until Britain and France stopped restricted US trade

Effects of Embargo Encourages US Manufacturing Also hurt farmers who could not export tobacco, grains, and cotton An example of Jefferson (Presidency) meddling with economy (Does this go with what he believes?)

Warm Up In what ways was his presidency good for the people? In what ways was his presidency good for the country? How much of a “revolution” was Jefferson’ presidency? Do you think he was a good president? Why or why not?

Theme #3 James Madison fell into an international trap, set by Napoleon, that Jefferson had avoided. Western War Hawks’ enthusiasm for a war with Britain was matched by New Englanders’ hostility.

James Madison and the Road to the War of 1812 Britain and France in War Trade Issues and Neutrality Impressment Issue Native American Issue Unevacuated Forts in the Ohio River Valley and beyond 2 nd War of Independence (to prove ability to self- govern / self defend)

Discussion: Comparing Jefferson & Madison Was Madison more or less successful than Jefferson in international affairs? Madison is now a Democratic-Republican. Why? Has he changed? Has the country changed?

HAMILTON – Funded debt, central bank and tarrifs while Jefferson opposed it REPUBLICANS SPLIT Henry Clay – National Republicans pursued federlist like policies. – persuaded the 2 nd Bank of the US. Bonus Bill – national fund for roads and other internal improviement. Jeffersonian Rep – national govenrment lacked the constituional authoriry to fund improvements. Westward Expansion and Succeess of 1800 shattered the Federalists.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Congress created 2 nd Bank of US It allowed the bank to set up state branches that compete with state-charted banks As a result, Mayland possed a tax on notes issues by the 2 nd Bank. 2ns Bank refused to pay, say that it infridgened on national powers and unconstitutional. Then Jefferson States authority – said that you don’t have the rigth to charter a national bank in the first place. Marlyand could tax within the state. Marshall and nationalist-minded republicans on the court. Necessary and Proper National government is in control of currency and credit and MA did not have pwer to tax. ASSERT federal power over state laws

Federal Power Federal vs. States Authority of Different Branches of Government Rights and responsibilities of Individual Citizens.

Brainstorm Chart Hopefully you got a few things for each column. In case you didnt I ’ ll give you a couple now for starters. Core Beliefs Positive effects of Jefferson’s ideas Negative effects of Jefferson’s ideas 1.Equal rights for all 2.Small Government 3.Strict Constructionist 1.Provides the intellectual compass which guides the United States 2.Help create a government of the people (removed a sense of aristocracy from the office of the president. 1.Did not free his own slaves. 2.Used excessive power when purchasing Louisiana 3.Economic intervention crippled the economy.

Before we say Goodbye to these guys, explain 3 ideas/events/terms from each person

Americans debate the role of government in economy