Kingdoms and Crusades 15.3

I. England in the Middle Ages Alfred the Great united the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and drove the Vikings out. “Angleland” or England Normandy was an area in western France, across the English Channel from England. William ruled Normandy and invaded England; Hence William the Conqueror. William ordered a census. It counted the people, manors, and the animals in England.

Henry II was a powerful ruler of England who created the jury system. Normans brought their northern French customs to England. Cultures merged. Henry II was a powerful ruler of England who created the jury system. Grand jury? Trial jury? King John, Henry’s son and successor, angered many royals by raising taxes and punishing people without trial Nobles met with John and forced him to sign the Magna Carta What did the Magna Carta do?

How did the jury system protect people? In the 1200s, King Edward I gathered representatives from across England to advise him and help him make laws. This gathering was called the Parliament. Parliament was eventual divided into what two houses? How did the jury system protect people?

II. The Kingdom of France Philip IV II. The Kingdom of France After Charlemagne’s empire was divided, the western part of the empire became France. Frankish nobles chose Hugh Capet to be king in 987. Capetian kings controlled Paris. Philip II took the throne and warred with England. French society had three classes: clergy, nobles, and townspeople In 1302 King Philip IV met with the three classes. It was the first meeting of the Estates-General (parliament).

III. Eastern Europe and Russia The Slavs settled villages in Eastern Europe around A.D. 500. The Slavs eventually divided into three major groups: southern, western, and eastern Slavs. In the 700s, Vikings moved into Slav territory. Oleg, a Viking ruler, created a Rus state around the city of Kiev and called the state Kievan Rus. Grand Duke of Kiev was the main ruler. As the Kievan Rus grew it attracted missionaries from the Byzantine Empire.

Vladimir, a Rus ruler, married the Byzantine emperor’s sister and declared his people Eastern Orthodox. Ivan III (the Great) was the grand duke of Moscow. He married Sophia, the niece of the last Byzantine emperor. He then called himself czar. Ivan IV ended Mongol rule of Moscow and expanded its territory.

IV. The Crusades During the Middle Ages, Muslim Turks invaded the Byzantine Empire. Pope Urban II asked European leaders to capture Jerusalem. Thousands of soldiers captured Jerusalem in the 1st Crusade, conquering lands along the way. The conquered lands were divided into 4 states. Muslims fought back and then a 2nd Crusade took place.

Saladin, a Muslim, became the ruler of Egypt. Captured Jerusalem Europeans lost the 2nd Crusade France, England and the Holy Roman Empire banded together to fight a 3rd Crusade. Draw 4th Crusade began around 1200. Merchants used it as an excuse to attack Constantinople and seize its riches. Byzantine Empire became weaker.

6 more crusades took place but little was accomplished. Muslims gradually regained the territory they lost in the 1st Crusade. The Crusades helped break down feudalism and increase trade between the Middle East and Europe.

Crusades Timeline of Events Dates of Crusade Crusades Timeline of Events First Crusade 1096 - 1099 The People's Crusade - Freeing the Holy Lands. 1st Crusade led by Count Raymond IV of Toulouse and proclaimed by many wandering preachers, notably Peter the Hermit Second Crusade 1144 -1155 Crusaders prepared to attack Damascus. 2nd crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III and by King Louis VII of France Third Crusade 1187 -1192 3rd Crusade led by Richard the Lionheart of England, Philip II of France, and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. Richard I made a truce with Saladin Fourth Crusade 1202 -1204 4th Crusade led by Fulk of Neuil French/Flemish advanced on Constantinople The Children's Crusade 1212 The Children's Crusade led by a French peasant boy, Stephen of Cloyes Fifth Crusade 1217 - 1221 The 5th Crusade led by King Andrew II of Hungary, Duke Leopold VI of Austria, John of Brienne Sixth Crusade 1228 - 1229 The 6th Crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II Seventh Crusade 1248 - 1254 The 7th Crusade led by Louis IX of France Eighth Crusade 1270 The 8th Crusade led by Louis IX Ninth Crusade 1271 - 1272 The 9th Crusade led by Prince Edward (later Edward I of England)