Introduction to Chemistry Ch.1 & 2

Vocab List: 0 Analytical chemistry 0 Applied chemistry 0 Biochemistry 0 Chemistry 0 Experiment 0 Hypothesis 0 Inorganic chemistry 0 Macroscopic 0 Matter 0 Microscopic 0 Observation 0 Organic chemistry 0 Physical chemistry 0 Pure chemistry 0 Scientific law 0 Scientific method 0 Theory 0 Chemical change 0 Chemical symbol 0 Compound 0 Element 0 Extensive property 0 Gas 0 Heterogeneous mixture 0 Homogeneous mixture 0 Intensive property 0 Liquid 0 Mass 0 Mixture 0 Physical change 0 Solid 0 Solution 0 Substance 0 Volume

Chemistry 0 The study of the composition of matter…. Matter 0 Anything that has mass and occupies space

5 traditional areas of study: 0 Organic 0 Study of things containing carbon 0 Inorganic 0 Things that do not contain carbon 0 Biochemistry 0 Study of processes that take place in organisms 0 Analytical 0 Study of the composition of matter 0 Physical 0 Area that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change

Pure and Applied Chemistry PureApplied 0 The pursuit of chemical knowledge just because 0 May not be immediate practical use…it can lead to application 0 Research that is directed toward a practical goal or application 0 In practice, pure and applied chemistry are often linked

Views 0 Macroscopic 0 The world of objects that are large enough to see with the unaided eye. 0 Microscopic 0 The world of objects that can be seen only under magnification

Alchemy 0 The word chemistry comes from alchemy 0 Practiced in China and India as early as 400 B.C. 0 Had a practical and mystical side…practical focused on developing techniques for working with metals, glass, and dyes…mystical focused on concepts like perfection (turning things to gold because it was considered perfect) 0 Although alchemists did not succeed in the gold quest, the work they did spurred the development of chemistry!

Antoine Lavoisier 0 France, late 1700s…Lavoisier did work that would revolutionize the science of chemistry 0 He helped transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement that it is today. His lab in Paris

Scientific Method 0 Observation 0 Usually leads to a question to be answered 0 Observations can be from any of the senses (taste, touch, smell….) 0 Testing Hypothesis 0 Hypothesis: Proposed explanation for an observation 0 Experiment: A procedure to test the hypothesis 0 Variables: Independent, Dependent, Control 0 Developing Theories 0 Theory: A well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations 0 Scientific Law: A concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments

Properties that Describe Matter 0 Mass: 0 The measure of the amount of matter the object contains 0 Volume: 0 The measure of the space an object occupies 0 Extensive: 0 Depends on the amount of matter 0 Examples: Volume, Mass 0 Intensive: 0 Depends on the type of matter, not the amount 0 Examples: Density, Color

Physical & Chemical Change PhysicalChemical 0 The composition of the material does not change 0 Examples: 0 Crumpling paper 0 Breaking glass 0 Melting ice 0 Change that produces matter with a different composition from that of which you started 0 Example: 0 Burning a Marshmallow 0 Mixing chemicals 0 Rusting nail

States of Matter 0 Solid 0 Definite shape, volume, not easily compressed 0 Liquid 0 Indefinite shape, definite volume, not easily compressed 0 Gas 0 Indefinite shape, indefinite volume, easily compressed

Mixtures HomogenousHeterogeneous 0 Mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout 0 Examples: 0 Vinegar 0 Stainless steel 0 Air 0 Mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout 0 Examples: 0 Italian dressing 0 Chicken noodle soup 0 Sand in water

A few other thoughts… 0 Element 0 The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties, like Oxygen 0 Compound 0 A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined, like Water (H 2 0) 0 Chemical symbol 0 Each element has a 1 or 2 letter symbol…the first letter is always capitalized, second is lowercase 0 Chemical formula 0 Represents compounds and is composed of the symbols of the elements present, also tells how many of each element