Warm-up: Monroe Doctrine T/F With a partner, determine if the statements below are correct or incorrect in understanding the Monroe Doctrine. 1. Great Britain was free to build a new colony in the American West. 2. If a European nation tried to interfere with any nation in the Western Hemisphere, the interference would be considered a threat to our security. 3. This document was the first important foreign policy statement made since the ending of the war of The United States would assist France with its revolution. The United States would assist colonies in the Caribbean region who were fighting for freedom from European powers. The Western Hemisphere should be considered closed to any European colonization. This document was perceived by European powers as a declaration of war on the part of America. This document expressed American spirit and a strong sense of nationalism. **When you finish this, read Chapter 7, Section 2-p.219

Closure 3 examples of nationalism 2 people involved in this examples 1 simple definition of nationalism

Nationalism and Sectionalism in Politics Objective 2.04

James Monroe’s Presidency Known as the Era of Good Feelings due to Americans’ loyalty to the U.S. after the War of 1812

McCulloch v. Maryland WHAT CAUSED THE CASE? –2 nd Bank of America was approved in 1816 –Proposed by John C. Calhoun –Maryland tried to tax the bank in 1819 –Led to Supreme Court Case

WHAT DID MARSHALL HAVE TO DECIDE? –Creation of the bank constitutional? –If so, could Maryland tax it? MARSHALL’S DECISION –Bank was constitutional under necessary and proper clause –MD could not tax b/c it would interfere with a federal agency

Monroe Doctrine WHY WAS IT MADE? –European Empires wanted to help Spain reclaim lost territories in Latin America –England wanted America to help limit European powers in the western hemisphere

WHAT WAS IT ISSUED TO DO? –Push back Russian claims on Oregon –U.S. not look like England’s “Jr. Partner” WHY WAS IT IMPORTANT? –Asserted America’s role as a world power –Beginning of policy of preventing Europe from interfering in Latin American affairs

Election of 1824 Reflected sectional tensions The Republican Party, which had followers across the nation, was showing signs of splitting 4 candidates—all members of the Republican Party

Henry Clay From Kentucky Representing the West Platform was called the American System in which he supported: –The national bank –Protective Tariff –Nationwide internal improvements

Henry Clay

Andrew Jackson From Tennessee Representing the West War hero at the Battle of New Orleans

John Quincy Adams From Massachusetts Represented the Northeast Wanted internal improvements but did not support tariffs

William Crawford From Georgia Represented the South Believed in states’ rights and a strict interpretation of the Constitution

WHO WON? –Jackson and Adams tied electoral votes –House of Representatives had to vote to break the tie –Adams won the election with the vote of the House in his favor

“Corrupt Bargain” Supporters of Jackson accused Clay of arranging votes for Adams in the House in exchange for a cabinet position This became known as the “corrupt bargain” Clay did get the Sec. of State position, but no wrongdoing was ever proven

Republicans Split Supporters of Jackson called themselves the Democratic- Republicans but shortened it to Democrats Supporters of Adams and Clay were now the National Republicans

Election of 1828 First sign of heavily bashing other candidates—known as mudslinging Adams said Jackson was ignorant, incompetent, and adulterous Jackson said Adams was corrupt, untrustworthy, and that he wasted tax money

WHO WON AND WHY? –Jackson with a clear majority –More people allowed to vote this time because land ownership restrictions were dropped

Jackson’s Era Nickname: People’s President, Old Hickory –Orphaned at 14 years of age –Little formal education –War Hero –Violent nature (5 duels—1 kill) With his inaugural address he makes many promises

Tariff of 1828 a.k.a. “Tariff of Abomination”— given by SC SC threatened to secede from the Union John C. Calhoun, VP but also a SC native wanted to figure out a way to solve the problem

Calhoun states that SC should use nullification Believed states had a right to declare federal laws null and void since they created the Union 2 opposing opinions— –Liberty first; union afterwards –Liberty and Union are one and inseparable

SC passed the Nullification Act and declared the Tariff of 1828 unconstitutional Jackson supported the side of the Union in this matter He passed the Force Bill, stating that a President can use military to enforce acts of congress

He sent a warship to Charleston Harbor because he believed that nullification = treason SC eventually repealed the law Clay had pushed a bill though Congress that would lower the nation’s tariffs within 2 years Both sides felt they had won

Spoils System Jackson believed strongly in the idea of majority rule He thought that ordinary citizens should play an important part in the government

He began to appoint people to government positions that were loyal to the party and to him He thought that government jobs were “plain and simple” and could be easily filled by anyone

Issues with Native Americans Indian Removal Act Worcester v. Georgia

National Bank Jackson was very suspicious of the Second Bank He believed it was a monopoly for the rich Jackson eventually killed the bank by removing all of the money and placing it into selected State Banks called Pet Banks

New Party Emerges Whigs named after the party in England who worked to limit King’s power They are defeated by Democrats in the Election of 1836 because they cannot settle on a single candidate

Election of 1840 Whigs nominated General William Henry Harrison and John Tyler Harrison won On March 4, 1841, Harrison delivered his inauguration speech

The weather that day was cold and Harrison insisted on giving his 2 hour speech without a coat or hat He came down with pneumonia and died 2 days later, leaving Tyler to become president He has the shortest presidential term in U.S. history