CIVIL WAR STARTS Secession Crisis First Shot fired UnionConfederacy First Battles

Secession Crisis Lincoln elected president Nov. 1860, Lincoln elected president Nov. 1860, –S. Carolina calls a convention on secession Dec. 20: S. Carolina conventions votes Dec. 20: S. Carolina conventions votes –to leave the Union: “sectional party w/ a –a president hostile to slavery” was elected. Feb: Six more Deep South states join- Feb: Six more Deep South states join- –Alabama, Miss, Florida, LA, Georgia, TX Crittenden Compromise: 1) extend Crittenden Compromise: 1) extend –Line, 2) protect slavery in the South forever. Lincoln Rejects it: sectional mistrust Lincoln Rejects it: sectional mistrust

Abraham Lincoln:

First Shot Fired Lincoln’s Inaugural: compromise possible, Lincoln’s Inaugural: compromise possible, –Appeal to our “better angels” Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861): Lincoln sends navy w/ food supplies, South fires first shot. Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861): Lincoln sends navy w/ food supplies, South fires first shot. Four More States Join Confederacy: VA, Four More States Join Confederacy: VA, –N. Carolina, Arkansas, Tenn. Four Border states do not join: Kentucky, Four Border states do not join: Kentucky, –Missouri, Maryland, Delaware Why they Fought? South had to protect Why they Fought? South had to protect –slavery, nationalism, resentment, ideology, –State’s rights v. democracy

Fort Sumter: April 14, 1861

Northern Advantage Larger: 19 states, 20 million population Larger: 19 states, 20 million population Industrial: 10x man production, 20x iron Industrial: 10x man production, 20x iron –production, 32x arms production Railroads: network through all North Railroads: network through all North Navy: 90% of all ship yards Navy: 90% of all ship yards Money: larger tax base, more investors, Money: larger tax base, more investors, –Sold bonds, printed money

South: Strength & Weakness King Cotton: 3/4 off world’s cotton supply –E–E–E–Europe will come to our aid? Defensive War: supply easier, moral high, –K–K–K–Know the land, can pick battles Better fighters: farmers and hunters? Bad railroads, little man. production No money: hyper inflation by 1864 No food, no navy, state’s rights Better Generals!

Confederation: 11 States Confederate Constitution: Richmond, Confederate Constitution: Richmond, –State’s rights, slavery protected, no tariff, –President 6 year term, no internal improve Jefferson Davis: West Point, Mexican War Jefferson Davis: West Point, Mexican War –Humane slave owner, pushed to indust South, Led army & gov, could not delegate, angry, –Could not face criticism, bad appointments Conscription: 20 or more slaves exempt Conscription: 20 or more slaves exempt

Jefferson Davis

Union: 19 and 4 border States Lincoln: good leader, compromised, Lincoln: good leader, compromised, Winfield Scott: Anaconda Plan Winfield Scott: Anaconda Plan George McClellan: “Young Napoleon” George McClellan: “Young Napoleon” –Good administrator, could not take action Mobilization: Congress calls 500,000 Mobilization: Congress calls 500,000 First Bull Run (July 21, 1861): spectators First Bull Run (July 21, 1861): spectators –Union disaster, “Stonewall” Jackson –This is going to be real war

George McClellan

Monitor v. the Virginian

McClellan at Yorktown: 3/1862

First Battles War in the West: Mississippi battle ships Shiloh (April, 1862): Grant gets demoted New Orleans: Farragut captures port city Peninsula Attack on Richmond: –M–M–M–McClellan hesitates at Yorktown –U–U–U–Union loses at the Battle of Seven Pines