Intro and Chapter 9

Conquered England William of Normandy (the Conqueror

Apostle who spread Christianity thoughout the Greek speaking world Paul

First to divide the Roman Empire Diocletian

Moved the Roman capital to Byzantium Constantine

First to unify Europe after the fall of Rome Charlemagne

Declared the independence of the Church from lay appointments Gregory VII

Forced to sign the Magna Carta John

Pope who issued the Unam Sanctam Boniface VIII

His claim to the French throne was the spark that began the Hundred Years’ War Edward III

Relative of the deceased French king who was declared the new king (rather than Edward III of England Philip VI

With Wat Tyler he began a peasant rebellion in England John Ball

French king known for his piety Louis IX

He was excommunicated by the Pope four times and was defeated by his German nobles Frederick II

Infant king of England and France Henry VI

Young woman who inspired the French to drive the English out of France Joan of Arc

Ended Mongol rule in Russia and brought much of Russia under Moscow’s control Ivan III (the Great)

Pope of the early 13 th century who promoted the doctrine of papal Plenitude of Power Innocent III

French pope who moved the headquarters of the Church to Avignon, France Clement V

French king who won the Hundred Years’ War Charles VII

English scholar who criticized the wealth of the clergy and papal infallibility; and argued for the authority of scripture over Pope or Councils John Wycliffe

Victor at the Battle of Agincourt who was declared the heir to the French throne Henry V

His dispute with the pope over taxation of the clergy sparked the “Babylonian Captivity” of the church Philip IV (the “Fair”)

This Avignon pope introduced the practice of the selling of indulgences as a way to raise funds Clement VI

His criticisms of the church, emphasis on the Bible, and simpler forms of worship led to his fiery end John Huss

Asian based warriors who gained control of Russia for 3 centuries Mongols

Group from what is today eastern France who switched sides during the Hundred Years’ War Burgundians

Along with William of Ockham, he argued for the independence of monarchs from Papal control Marsilius of Padua

These high officials in the Church supervised a number of congregations in their region bishops

The general term for men ordained to carry on ministry in the church clergy

Someone who was obligated to fight when called upon by the landowner who had granted him land vassal

Organizations of craftsmen who controlled the training, quality of production, and employment of people in their craft guild

Scholars who pursued knowledge by use of Aristotelian logic Scholastics

A general term for the townspeople of the late Middle Ages Burghers (or bourgeoisie or burgess)

A general term for the people who worked the land during feudalism peasants

The people of the church who are not ordained for ministry laity

An agricultural worker who was not free to leave the manor upon which he and his family worked serf

Followers of Wycliffe’s teachings lollards

The conflict between England and France that began early in the 14 th century Hundred Years’ War

This French legislature was created during the Hundred Years’ War for the purpose of approving taxes Estates General

An anti tax revolt by French peasants Jacquerie

This Papal bull declared that the Church was superior over all secular powers Unam Sanctum

The direct tax on French peasants taille

Religious zealots who believed beating themselves with whips would bring an end to the plague flagellants

Treaty that ended the vassalage of the English king and gave England sovereignty over large portions of France Bretigny

Law passed by the English Parliament to keep peasant wages to pre-plague levels Statute of Laborers

Genre in art and literature that was intended to remind people of their mortality and the need for Christian living Dance of Death ( Danse Macabre)

Followers of John Huss Hussites

These clergymen and scholars believed key church decisions should be made by a large group rather than an individual conciliarists

Where Huss was executed and where the church was restored to one pope. Constance

This 13 th century group, along with the Waldensians, were declared heretical because of their call for a simplicity of religion and separation from the world. Cathars

Authored by Marsilius of Padua this writing argued for the independence of monarchs from Papal authority Defender of Peace

Treaty that made Henry V the heir to the French throne Treaty of Troyes

Forty-three years after the Council of Constance ended the Great Schism this Papal bull condemned Councils as a means of making church decisions Execrabilis

Key battle of 732 Battle of Tours

Church event of 1054 Schism of Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox

1453 Fall of Constantinope to Turks and End of the 100 Years’ War

1066 William of Normandy Conquered England

1215 King John of England signed the Magna Carta

800 Charlemagne crowned emperor by the Pope

1417 Council of Constance

1347 Beginning of the Black Death

1302 Boniface VIII issued the Unam Sanctum

1378 Great Schism of the Catholic Church began

1337 Beginning of the Hundred Years’ War

1309 Beginning of the Babylonian Captivity