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ES050 – Introductory Engineering Design and Innovation Studio 2 Engineering drawings Prof. Paul Kurowski January 13, 2010

3 Creating drawings

4 pot.SLDPRT pot.SLDDRW Creating drawings

5 bracket.SLDPRT bracket.SLDDRW Creating drawings

6 hanger.SLDPRT Creating drawings

7 WRONG Creating drawings

8 CORRECT Creating drawings

9 Drawings are constructed to strict standards to ensure a consistent interpretation. Often are part of a contractual document Emphasis is on clarity and simplicity. Generally prefer to use symbols over notes since manufacturer may not speak English.

10 PARTS OF A TYPICAL DETAIL DRAWING sheet title Block (TOC) views revision block notes

11 DRAWING SHEET SIZES North AmericaInternational A8.5”x11”A4210mm x 297mm B11”x17”A3297mm x 420mm C17”x22”A2420mm x 594mm D22”x34”A1594mm x 841mm E34”x44”A0841mm x 1189mm Choose sheet size such that drawing is filled but not crowded (based on number of views and dimensions needed).

12 DRAWING SCALE Title block indicates scale which is predominantly used for views on drawing. If a view uses a different scale it must be indicated under that view. Scales are given as whole number ratios  interpret as (drawing unit) : (physical unit)  for scaling up: e.g. 2:1, 4:1, 10:1  for scaling down: e.g. 1:2, 1:5, 1:20  must have a 1 in the ratio. e.g. 2:3 not acceptable Scale is chosen so that the features can be clearly seen.

13 NOTES Gives useful information not covered by dimensions, symbols or in the title block. Can also be used with arrows to indicate features of importance. Current practice is to limit the use of notes since they may be misinterpreted.

14 DRAWING VIEWS Only use the number of views necessary to convey information about the part (an isometric view is the exception) Often need only two or three views Edges which are visible in that view are shown as solid lines Edges which are not visible are called hidden lines  Best not to show hidden lines you cannot dimension to hidden lines anyway they reduce clarity in drawings of complex parts

15 ORTHOGRAPHIC (PROJECTED) VIEWS Primary views on a drawing Set of views at 90° to each other Created by placing part in a virtual box and look through each side. True size and shape  angles are correct  circles are round  lengths are to scale

16 ORTHOGRAPHIC STANDARD PRACTICE Choose front view as most descriptive Determine views to best represent object Use minimum number of views to completely describe object Views must be aligned Views should not be labeled

17 AUXILIARY VIEWS It is an extra view of an object It is used when the 6 principal views don’t describe an object (or some of its features) clearly or completely - in particular inclined features Should not be labeled It is used to show the true lengths of lines It is used to show the true size of planes

18 AUXILIARY VIEW ORTHOGRAPHIC (PROJECTED) VIEWS

19 SECTION VIEWS Useful to show interior features without using hidden lines Must show section line in another view which indicates the cutting plane and the direction of view Does not need to be aligned with parent view but often is shown aligned to enhance clarity Must have unique letter label

20 section line unique view label cutting plane surface cross-hatched SECTION VIEWS

21 ALLIGNED SECTION VIEWS

22 DETAIL VIEWS Used as enlargement of another view to enhance clarity of small features Must show detail area in parent view with label Is not aligned with parent view Must have unique letter label and scale must be indicated since it is different from the parent view

23 detail area with label detail view with label and scale DETAIL VIEWS

24 BREAK VIEWS

25 ISOMETRIC VIEW 3D view of part used to help visualization Common if 3D CAD system used to develop drawing Used only for a visual reference. Do not dimension this view. Common now for assembly drawings.

26 Orthographic (projected) views isometric view ISOMETRIC VIEW

27

28 The view indicated by the callout is: AProjected BAuxiliary CSection DAligned section EDetail ES1050 PART 01.sldprt What type of view is this?

29 What type of view is this? The view indicated by the callout is: AProjected BAuxiliary CSection DAligned section EDetail ES1050 PART 01.sldprt

30 What type of view is this? The view indicated by the callout is ASection BAligned section CDetail DBroken out section EBreak flange.sldprt

31 flange.sldprt What type of view is this? The view indicated by the callout is: AProjected BAuxiliary CSection DAligned section EDetail

32 What type of view is this? The view indicated by the callout is AProjected BSection CDetail DBroken out section EBreak flange long.sldprt

33 CENTRE LINES Used to indicate centres of full circles and axis of cylindrical features

34 ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS Assembly drawings show all the parts and how they go together. Dimensions are not usually required. A parts list or Bill of Material (BOM) specifies the item, quantity, description, part number, etc. for each part. The item numbers from the parts list for each part are indicated using numbered balloons in the view. Common styles used for assembly drawings:  as assembled view  section view  exploded view - Preferred! Notes are used for assembly and machining instructions

35 ASSEMBLY DRAWING AS ASSEMBLED BOM

36 ASSEMBLY DRAWING SECTION VIEW

37 ASSEMBLY DRAWING EXPLODED VIEW

38 DIMENSIONING OUTLINE General Rules Linear Dimensions Angular Dimensions Radial Dimensions Diameter Dimensions Holes Tolerances

39 INTRODUCTION Dimensions give size, location and details of all features of the part. Manufacturing method is not specified but driven by dimensions, material and tolerances. Dimensions are used per a standard to ensure consistent interpretation and clarity Dimension standard often indicated on drawing in title block.

40 GENERAL RULES Text height for dimensions and notes typically either.12” or 3 mm. Text is always uppercase. Units are usually either inches or millimetres. If using inches:  no zero precedes decimal (.250)  dimensions expressed to same number of decimals as its tolerance (.250±.002) If using millimetres:  zero precedes the decimal (0.5)  no trailing zeros are required (2±0.5, 3.25±0.1) Dimension text is always horizontal. Do not dimension to hidden lines.

41 LINEAR DIMENSIONS extension line dimension line visible gap

42 DIMENSION PLACEMENT Dimensions are placed outside the part. Do not crowd dimensions and avoid crossing dimension lines with extension lines. aligned space

43 ANGULAR DIMENSIONS

44 RADIAL DIMENSIONS Small radii are called fillets. Preference is to use unlocated centres (easier to measure) Unlocated Centre Located Centre radius symbol centre mark leader line

45 RADIAL DIMENSIONS Never dimension to radii tangent points. Tangent point

46 DIAMETER DIMENSIONS centreline diameter symbol small diameters (arrows don’t fit inside) large diameter

47 HOLE DIMENSIONS Multiple holes are common on parts so standardized symbols have been adopted. depth symbol note drill point depth of full diameter Thru HoleBlind Drilled Hole

48 COUNTERBORED HOLES Thru Hole Blind Hole counterbore symbol counterbore diameter & depth Note: depths always measured from top surface

49 DIMENSIONING TECHNIQUES Must give position and size of each feature but only once on the drawing.  do not dimension the same feature again in a different view unless dimension for reference only Dimension based on the function of the feature. Dimension to reduce tolerance stack-up for critical features. Always dimension position of holes to their centre not their edge. Tolerance scheme in the solid model may not be suitable for the drawing.

50 OVER DIMENSIONED

51 REPEATED FEATURES Repeat symbol

52 WHAT IS WRONG? lever.sldprt

53 WHAT IS WRONG?

54 WHAT IS WRONG?

55 WHAT IS WRONG?

56 WHAT IS WRONG?

57 WHAT IS WRONG?

58 WHAT IS WRONG? flange.sldprt

59 WHAT IS WRONG?

60 WHAT IS WRONG?