Climate Chapter 25

Climate – the average weather conditions of an area over a long period of time –But weather is the day to day conditions Climate you expect and weather is what you get SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Compare and contrast weather and climate.

An Areas Climate –Based on: Average temperature Average precipitation SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: What two factors are included in climate?

Factors that influence climate –Latitude –Earth’s tilt –Earth’s revolution around the sun –Topography Oceans present Altitude Wind present Ice/glaciers present SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors influence climate.

Latitude –Different latitudes receive different intensities of solar energy Equator – direct and strong Poles – large angle so weak –This amount of solar energy effects the: Temperature Precipitation Wind patterns SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors influence climate.

Earth’s axis: –Earth is tilted and spins on an axis –The tilt determines the part of the Earth that faces the sun –Winter – Earth is pointing away so angle is greater (rays are weaker) also there are less hours on light –Summer – Earth is pointing toward so angle is less (rays are stronger) also we have more hours –As it spins it wobbles which causes different amounts of solar radiation to reach each part of the Earth SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions Explain how various factors influence climate.

Wind and Ocean patterns –Difference in temperature, pressure, and density cause wind and ocean currents –Remember: Cold is denser and has higher pressure - So cold air and water at poles moves down toward equator Warm is less dense and has a lower pressure so warmer air and water at equator moves up toward the poles SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors influence climate.

Topography –Topography - surface features of the Earth Each type of feature absorbs and reflects different amounts of energy –Based on color, texture, and composition These different rates of absorption and release of energy affect the climate in the area SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors influence climate.

Topography –Elevation Higher up = colder A mountain has rain on one side and a drought on the other (called rain shadow) –Closer to water Land absorbs and releases heat faster than ocean – larger temperature difference Near oceans - more moderate temperatures and more precipitation SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors influence climate.

Climate zones –There are three climate zones each with its own characteristics –Three zones: Tropical Middle latitude/Temperate Polar SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors influence climate.

Tropical zones: –Characteristics Hot yearly –Types: Tropical rain forest - dry Tropical desert - rainy Savanna =wet seasons SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors influence climate.

Tropical Rainforest

Tropical desert

Savanna

Temperate latitude climates: –Characteristics Temperatures, rain and vegetation vary based on location Temperature: –Depends where equator location Precipitation: –Depends on water locations SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors influence climate.

Temperate forest

Polar climates: –Characteristics Temperatures are at or below freezing –Types: Subarctic –Largest temperature difference Tundra Polar ice caps –Mostly ice, never above freezing SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors influence climate.

Polar ice caps

Tundra

Subarctic

Local climates –Microclimates – climate of small areas Ex. Cities SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors influence climate.

Studying climate –Climatologist – scientists who gather data to study past and present climate to find patterns –Types of data collected Ice cores Sea floor sediment Fossils Tree rings SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain the various methods used to study climate

Climate models –Use computers to simulate factors of climate to see affects of various climate conditions SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain the various methods used to study climate

Causes of climate change –Plate tectonics –Orbital changes –Human activity –Volcanic activity SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors cause climate change.

Plate tectonics: –Changing continent location can change: Wind and currents –These effect temperature and precipitation SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors cause climate change.

Orbital changes: –The shape of Earth’s orbit Effect the distance from the sun (temp. affected) –The wobble on Earth’s axis can cause change Change in tilt change angle toward (temp. and season changes) SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors cause climate change.

Human activity: –Pollution Cause global warming –Deforestation Increases carbon dioxide and thus cause global warming SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors cause climate change.

Volcanic activity: –Sulfur and ash collect in the air and block solar radiation –This decreases temp. SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: Explain how various factors cause climate change.

Impacts of climate change –Changes in one thing affects all because they are connected –Types of impacts: Global warming –Due to pollution –Cause droughts and its problems Sea level changes –Melting icecaps raise water flooding places Precipitation changes –Affect all living organisms SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: What are some impacts of climate changes?

What can we do: –Laws –Alternative energy –Reduce, reuse, recycle –Better cars and maintenance SC.912.E.7.4 Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of an area, including relationships to lakes and oceans. SC.912.E.7.7 Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth) and external (space) conditions that contribute to global climate changes. SC.e.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced human behavior, both individually and collectively. SC.e.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate changes by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon and water. Questions: What can we do to limit climate changes?