1. Which is NOT a function of the skeletal system? A. support B. lining C. protection D. storage B.

3. The shaft part of a long bone is known as the A. epiphysis B. diaphysis C. medullary cavity D. periosteum E. endosteum B.

4. Where is yellow marrow found, specifically? A. epiphysis B. diaphysis C. medullary cavity D. periosteum E. endosteum C.

5. What is the DWF capsule that covers most of the long bone known as? A. epiphysis B. diaphysis C. medullary cavity D. periosteum E. endosteum D.

Appendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton consists of the girdles and the skeleton of the limbs. The upper (anterior) limbs are attached to the pectoral (shoulder) girdle and the lower (posterior) limbs are attached to the pelvic (hip) girdle.

Shoulder Girdle  The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle.  The Pectoral girdle consists of two shoulder blades (scapulae) and two collar bones (clavicles). These bones articulate with one another, allowing some degree of movement.

I. Appendicular Skeleton- Upper Extremities A. Pectoral region- AKA shoulder girdle; clavicle & scapula

The Upper Limbs The skeleton of the upper limbs or arm may be divided into five main regions: an upper arm bone, the forearm (radius and ulna), the wrist, the palm of the hand and the fingers.  The Upper Arm (Humerus)  The upper arm is a single long bone. The upper end consists of a hemi-spherical ball which fits into the socket of the shoulder blade to form the shoulder joint. The lower end of the humerus forms a shallow ball and socket joint with the radius and a hinge joint with the ulna in the elbow.

B. Upper arm- AKA humerus; long bone with 2 epiphyses & 1 diaphysis C. Lower arm- AKA forearm; radius (thumb) and ulna (pinky)

 The Wrist  The wrist consists of eight carpal bones. These are small, short bones that are arranged in two rows of four. They have articulating facets which allow them to slide over one another.  The Palm of the Hand  The palm is supported by five long metacarpals. The metacarpals articulate with carpals at one end and with the phalanges at the other end.  The Fingers  The fingers are made up of fourteen phalanges. There are three phalanges in each finger but only two in the thumb.

D.Wrist- AKA carpel bones (8/ Hand) For right hand, dorsal view: Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform

Hand- 5 Metacarpals/ Hand; thumb joins with trapezium for freely movable joint

 Phalanges (14/Hand)  Proximal phalanx  Middle phalanx – not on thumb  Distal phalanx

Appendicular Skelton: Lower Extremities Pelvic region- AKA pelvic girdle or hip; joins with sacrum & coccyx; made up of 2 coxal bones  3 fused bones: 3 fused bones: ilium (upper), ischium (lower), pubis (medial)

Upper leg- AKA femur or thigh  longest and heaviest bone in body  Patella- AKA kneecap; joins with femur and tibia

Lower leg- tibia (big toe) & fibula (pinky toe) Ankle- AKA tarsal bones (7/Foot)

Ankle- AKA tarsal bones (7/Foot)

E. Foot- 5 Metatarsals/Foot; limited mov’t of toes; need to support weight F. Phalanges (14/Foot) Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx – not present on big toe Distal phalanx