Katheryn M. Junglas, MSU Department of Biology Minot ND, Rana pipiens Malformation Assessment

Range

Range in North Dakota Taken from Hoberg and Gause,

Deformed Frog sites

North Dakota Malformations USGS- NWHC Information Report2001

Tadpoles development

Normal Bone Structure

Other Deformities

X-Ray of Bone Structure

Extra Limbs

Deformed leg structures

False elbow and Double bones

No Regression of tail

Missing the Right eye

Salamander from our lab

Possible causes for deformities UV-B Radiation Chemical Agents Parasites -Ribeiroia -Alaria Interactions

Sexing frogs (female)

Sexing frogs (male) Hayes (2002)

Hermaphroditic frog

Atrazine effects-normal histology- female

Atrazine-normal male

Atrazine-ovateste

Habitat

Finding Tadpoles

Tadpole

Normal Bone Structure

Measuring

Statistics No significant difference in male and females No Significant difference in lengths between sites Healthy Ratio of Males to females 13:20

Sexing animals (males)

Assessment No deformities were found Mean of Female juvenile length mm Mean of Male juvenile length mm Mass of Gonads- in progress Skeletal development- so far good development of skeleton and cartilage

Why We Should Continue to Observe Small sample size Teratogens and carcinogens in other organisms Since no malformations yet, we can analyze what is or isn’t here, and the sooner we notice something, the easier to find out what that is. Frogs are Cool!

Acknowledgements Dr. Christopher Beachy at Minot State Dr. Cory Rubin, Project Manager Assistant Regional Director Richard A. Coleman All the staff at Upper Souris Wildlife Refuge Fish-Wildlife Service Cost Share Agreement, grant # J001 Minot State University, Division of Biology