Today’s Warm-up Name the 7 Social Sciences…..

The Seven Social Sciences

Social: All deal with human behavior. What It Means Science: All of these subjects can be studied using the scientific method.

History The study of the past.

Geography The study of locations, their environments, and how humans behave in those environments.

Economics The study of how goods and services are made, distributed, and consumed.

Political Science The study of government and civics.

Psychology The study of individual behavior.

Sociology The study of group behavior or an individual’s behavior within a group.

Anthropology The study of culture (how people live).

List 5 “revolutionary” events in your life… Today’s Warm-up…

History The study of the past.

Ways To Study History Chronology: The order of events over time. Absolute chronology: The exact time an event took place. - Example: First plane hits WTC at 8:46am on September 11, Relative chronology: The time an event took place in relation to other events. - Example: The Civil War was fought after The American Revolution. - One event does not necessarily cause the other.

Chronology of World Events: 5 Major World “Revolutions” Revolutionary – World Changing First Agricultural First Agricultural - Farming and Domesticating Animals. Second Agricultural Second Agricultural – Plants and animals shared from the Old World and the New. Industrial Industrial – Machines replace man and animal power. Bio-Medical Bio-Medical – Medicine and healthcare increase life expectancy. Technological Technological – New inventions that are occurring everyday and doubling every five years.

Ways To Study History Themes: Events grouped by particular topics in history. - Examples: Inventions, wars, leaders, etc. - Events can be studied out of order.

Today’s Warm-up What is the difference between a Primary Source and a Secondary Source? Give an example of Each… Primary = Secondary =

Historical Evidence Primary source: Firsthand information provided by people who participated in or observed the event. - In their words, during their time. - Example: Interview, diary, photograph, etc.

Historical Evidence Secondary source: Information provided after the fact by people who did not participate in or witness the event. - Usually based on primary sources. - Examples: Biography, textbook, encyclopedia, etc.

Historical Evidence Is the source authentic? - Is the source actually what is seems to be? - Example: Photoshop Is the source reliable? - Does the source give an accurate account of the events? - Is it inaccurate or biased – the information favors a certain person, group, or idea. - Example: Eyewitness accounts

History’s Importance Helps us better understand what to do today & tomorrow. Helps us problem solve. Those who do not learn from history are condemned to repeat it.

Warm-up What does the word, “ Geography ” mean?

Geography The study of locations, their environments, and how humans behave in those environments.

What is Geography? GeographyGeography is the study of the Earth, its people, their environments, and their resources.

Chapter 1, Section 1 The Five Themes of Geography

Warm-up 9/18 Should the government have the right to say what should be and what should not be included in school lunches? (You must take a fruit and a vegetable.)

Economics The study of how goods and services are made, distributed, and consumed.

Economics How people manage limited resources to satisfy their wants and needs. Supply vs. Demand  Price Example: Low supply, high demand, raise price. Goal is to reach equilibrium: Selling the most for the most.

Three Economic Questions 1. What goods and services should we produce? - Varies according to time and culture 2. How should we produce goods and services? - Influenced by technology 3. For whom should we produce goods and services? - Consumers: People who use a good or a service.

American Free Enterprise Constitutional roots Free enterprise system: Government plays a limited role in the economy. Characteristics: 1.Businesses owned by private citizens. 2. Competition is encouraged. 3. Consumers have freedom to make economic choices. 4. Government regulations. - Friend or foe?

9/17 Constitution Day Trivia contest Happy Constitution Day 1. How many amendments are there to the United States Constitution? 2. What are the first ten amendments known as? 3. Who is the “father of the Constitution?” 4. What are the three branches of Government? 5. How old do you have to be to vote? 6. What was the only amendment to be repelled? 7. What amendment gave women the right to vote? 8. What amendment ended Slavery? 9. What document ruled the United States before the Constitution? 10. What Country has the World’s OLDEST, WORKING, Constitution?

How many amendments are there to the United States Constitution? ( 27) What are the first ten amendments known as? (Bill of Rights) Who is the “father of the Constitution?” (James Madison) What are the three branches of Government? (Legislative, Executive, Judicial) How old do you have to be to vote? ( 18) What was the only amendment to be repelled? (18th, Prohibition) What amendment gave women the right to vote? (19th) What amendment ended Slavery? (13th) What document ruled the United States before the Constitution? (Articles of Confederation) What Country has the World’s OLDEST, WORKING, Constitution? ( United States)

Warm-up List as many different types of Governments as you can….

Political Science The study of government and civics.

Government The study of how rules and consequences are made and carried out.

Government Different forms will vary by: 1. Where power is placed. 2. How decisions are made.

Types of governments –Democracy –Democracy – Government of, by and for the people. »Power rests with the people »People form a Republic –Aristocracy –Aristocracy – Royalty »King and Queen »Born into –Dictatorship –Dictatorship – Power held by force »Individual, Group, Military. »Communism, Fascism

Civics The study of the rights and responsibilities of citizens. “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.” - JFK

Psychology The study of individual behavior.

Psychology Asks … What motivates a person?

Psychology Asks … How do people learn behavior?

Classical Conditioning Patterned response to stimuli Example: Pavlov’s dog

Rewards or punishments are given or taken away. Operant Conditioning Example: Scooby snacks

Sociology The study of group behavior or an individual’s behavior within a group.

Sociology How we act is often determined by the people we are with. 1.Their values, beliefs, priorities, etc. 2.Our roles change from group to group. 3. Example: Behavior with friends vs. family

Sociology Social class: A social group assigned a rank.

Sociology Social mobility: Movement from one social group or class to another.

9/18 Warm-up List 5 common elements or traits that all cultures have in common.

Anthropology The study of culture (how people live).

Culture The way of life of a group of people. …all things that make up a peoples way of life Elements of culture: Traits common to all cultures. - Examples: Food, clothing, housing, work, education, language, religion, art, music, transportation, communication, social groups, traditions, etc. Looking at how people exist within their environments.

The smallest, most important social unit is the FAMILY TWO Types of families: Nuclear Families Wife, husband, and children Common in Industrial societies and first world nations. Extended Families Several generations living together. (three or more) Common in Agricultural or farming societies. Second and third world nations.

Archaeology The study of evidence left by earlier people in order to learn more about their way of life. Artifacts: Cultural objects used by a group of people. History + Anthropology = Archaeology The role of science - Example: Radiocarbon dating Allows us to learn more about how the object was used, the people themselves, and the time period.

Cultural Perspective When studying cultures, we must take into consideration circumstances such as: 1. Their natural environment 2. Their natural resources 3. Their values 4. The time period (cultural relativism) Prevents ethnocentrism: Judging other cultures based on one’s own.

Cultural Growth Questions to consider: 1. How is culture learned? 2.How does a culture change/advance? Cultural Relativism - is the principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood by othershumanbeliefs in terms of that individual's own cultureculture

9/19 In One Word, what is the difference between social class and a social group? RANK