CarboSchools activity in Bergen A. Volbers, E. Falck, I. Skjelvan Thanks to: Oddbjørn Espeseth, Christoph Heinze, Truls Johannessen, Solveig Kringstad, Are Olsen, Abdir Omar, Vegard Opheim, Benjamin Pfeil

Time frame  April 2005 CarboEurope and CarboOcean establish CarboSchools May 2005 contact potential Norwegian schools Aug 2005 present CarboSchools to the teachers at Bergen Katedralskole and discuss cooperation Dec 2005 invite teachers to BCCR, present research group, research topics, laboratories, and discuss potential school projects Spring 2006 further discussions of coop. in rel. to the school curriculum Aug First CarboSchools research cruise 2006/2007Cruises, laboratory work, student exchanges (Bergen/Kiel)  2006/2007Writing the CarboSchools+ proposal  Jan 2008EC funds the CarboSchools+ proposal

C A R B O S C H O O L S 2007 Searching for partners / establishing contact Start planning / discussions / giving presentations 1 school involved C A R B S C H O O L S + Cruises, laboratory work 3 schools involved, several subjects, cruises, lab work, presentations, discussions, reports Cruises, students reports Translation of booklet Cruise / student exchanges (Bergen ↔ Kiel) Start of CarboNordic 2009

2006-early 2007  ”Science” project (test case) -26 pupils, 4 teachers, 4 scientists -lectures by scientists and teachers -”hands-on” experiments (use scientific instruments for own measurements) -4 science expeditions with R/V Hans Bratstrøm

 The students perform experiments on their own  Collect water samples  Understand the hydrography at the site  Collect information about plankton, benthos, scientific instruments, and safety onboard  Analyse data in lab/school  Write report Day cruise with R/V Brattstrøm: comparison of two locations

”Bergens Tidende” article

2007  Extension of the ”science” project: -2 additional expeditions to 2 new locations (50 m m), compare temp., salinity, oxygen, inorg carbon, plankton, benthos -5 students visit BCCR to analyse the inorganic carbon samples ->no grades ->report and poster presentation ->students to arrange a ”climate week” (scientific presentations and debates)  Students exchange - 4 students Kiel-Bergen and Bergen-Kiel -exciting, informative and challenging (language aspect)

Three schools (secondary high schools):  Bergen Katedralskole -biology  Danielsen Videregåendeskole -technology and science -> how to work as a researcher  Bjørgvin Videregåendeskole - geosciences -> oceanography focus (Age group: 16 – 18, in 2009 in addition 12 year old pupils)

September 2008  45 students and 5 teachers on R/V Hans Brattstrøm -From 3 schools -Different aspects of the project were highlighted according to the subject at school  Several visits to UiB/lab and school (lectures, theory, calculation)

 Teacher decides on the focus e.g. biology, geoscience, technology etc. (according to curriculum)  The pupils get grades  Schools can also contact the coordinator whether particular questions/topics can be covered (e.g. extra cruise in 2009)

Exercises for the students  Preparations –Cruise: Compare two different locations a)50 m water depth, high currents, hard bottom b)500 m depth, hard bottom outside Bergen -> What can we expect to find at the two locations? compare currents, depths, meteorology, biology - Lectures about marine carbon cycle, physical oceanography, etc.

 Main question Determine differences between the 2 locations in terms of –chemistry (carbon, O 2 ->Winkler titration), –biology (plankton, benthos etc.) –physics (measure salinity and SST) Are the locations sources or sinks for atmo CO 2 ? -lab analysis (inorg C ->coulumetric titration, alkalinity ->potentiometric titration) -acquiring of external data (wind, atmo pCO 2 ) -calculations (oceanic pCO 2, solubility of CO 2 -> flux of CO 2 ).

 Sub-questions –What determines the density, oxygen content, temperature, and inorganic carbon content of the water? –How do the above parameters vary with depth at the two locations? –Etc.

Outcome

Kom om bord!