Chapter Twenty-Four Industry Comes of Age,

Much of the investment funds that enabled America to industrialize in the late nineteenth century came from whom?.

During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons built their railroads with what?

How did the national government help to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century?

What was the only transcontinental railroad built without government aid?

What was the greatest economic consequence of the transcontinental railroad network?

What was the greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years?

When and why did the United States change to standard time zones?

What were the two industries that the transcontinental railroads most significantly expanded?

What was the term used to describe agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits?

Early railroad owners formed __________ in order to avoid competition by dividing business in a particular area.

What did the U.S. Supreme Court rule In the case of Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois?

Who initiated the first efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations?

What was the first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations?

The Interstate Commerce Act was significant in that it represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to do what?

Which countries provided the largest amounts of foreign capital investment in American industry?

When Europeans owned or invested in private companies in the United States, who managed the business? What was the exception?

What was the single largest source of a critical raw material that fueled early American industrialization?

The vast, integrated, continental U.S. market greatly enhanced the American inclination toward mass manufacturing of ___________.

The American system of mass manufacture of standardized, interchangeable parts provided strong incentives for U.S. capitalists to do what?

What were two technological innovations that greatly expanded the industrial employment of women in the late nineteenth century?

What was the main method by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits?

Who pioneered the organizational technique of vertical integration of all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company?

What did John D. Rockefeller's organizational technique of horizontal integration involve?

The steel industry owed much to this inventive genius.

What is an interlocking directorate and who used it most to undermine competition?

What was America's first billion- dollar corporation?

What was the first major product of the oil industry?

What invention helped the oil industry to become a huge business?

Who wrote the “Gospel of Wealth" and what did it suggest?

Who were the "Social Darwinists," what did they advocate, and from whom did they most draw their ideas?

What did believers in the doctrine of "survival of the fittest," like Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, believe?

How did the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to help corporations?

What was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and what did it do?

What was the first primary use of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

During the age of industrialization, this area remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.

What was the South's major attraction for business?

In the late nineteenth century, what attracted textile manufacturing to the new South?

What was the largest southern- based monopolistic corporation and what did it produce?

Where were steady jobs and wages available according to many southerners?

What was one of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers?

Which group had their lives most dramatically altered by the new industrial age?

What did the image of the “Gibson Girl” represent?

Why did most women of the 1890s work?

How did the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpret the Constitution in relation to business?

Which group won an eight-hour day for government workers?

Who was barred from membership in the Knights of Labor?

When did the Knights of Labor believe that conflict between capital and labor would disappear?.

In what way did the Knights of Labor believe that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved?

What was one of the major reasons the Knights of Labor failed?

What was the most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period?

By 1900, how did American attitudes toward labor begin to change? Who continued to fight organized labor?

What was the argument used by the people who found fault with the captains of industry?

Even historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism, generally concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the United States because of this reason: find the answer