Module 18 Information Processing Exploring in Modules, Module 18.

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Presentation transcript:

Module 18 Information Processing Exploring in Modules, Module 18

The Phenomenon of Memory

Penny memories Exploring in Modules, Module 18

Information Processing Exploring in Modules, Module 18

Atkinson-Shiffrin’s Three Stage Processing Model of Memory Sensory – Short term (working memory RAM) – Long term

Encoding: Getting Information In Exploring in Modules, Module 18 Automatic Processing Effortful Processing

Exploring in Modules, Module 18 Automatic vs. Effortful Processing Rehearsal

Rehearsal Issues Exploring in Modules, Module 18 Next-in-line-effect – poorest memories of those just in-front of us. Spacing effect – best for retention is to spread rehearsal out. Serial position effect – Best memories for first and last items on a list.

Exploring in Modules, Module 18 Ebbinghaus’ Retention Curve

Exploring in Modules, Module 18 The Serial Position Effect

Encoding Strategies: Improving memory performance Exploring in Modules, Module 18 Encoding Meaning (semantic encoding) – meaning is remembered not so much the exact words Encoding Imagery: i.e. mnemonic devices and story telling Organizing Information for Encoding Chunking Hierarchies

Exploring in Modules, Module 18 Effects of Chunking on Memory

Exploring in Modules, Module 18 Example of Chunking--For Those Who Read Chinese

Exploring in Modules, Module 18 Organization Benefits Memory

Storage: Retaining Information Exploring in Modules, Module 18

Sensory Memory Iconic memory – fleeting photographic memory. Echoic memory – fleeting sound memory. “What’d you just say?” Exploring in Modules, Module 18

Momentary Photographic Memory

Short-Term Memory Without active processing it has limited life span (duration). 7 give or take 2 (capacity) Exploring in Modules, Module 18

Short-Term Memory Decay

Long-Term Memory Limitless Exploring in Modules, Module 18

Storing Memories in the Brain Exploring in Modules, Module 18 Synaptic Changes

Exploring in Modules, Module 18 Doubled Receptor Sites Long-term potentiation (LTP)

Stress Hormones and Memory Stress hormones – more glucose in blood stream results in more fuel for brain activity. Attach emotion to event. Exploring in Modules, Module 18

Memory Subsystems Amnesic patients still have nondeclarative memory means that memory is not a unified system.

Exploring in Modules, Module 18 The Hippocampus

Retrieval: Getting Information Out Exploring in Modules, Module 18

Retrieval Cues Exploring in Modules, Module 18 Context Effects – deja vus. Moods and Memories – mood congruent

Exploring in Modules, Module 18 Priming--Awakening Associations

Exploring in Modules, Module 18 The Effects of Context on Memory

Exploring in Modules, Module 18 Improving Memory

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