Happy Monday Folks! Have a seat and get ready to go over your Great Depression/New Deal Tests.

Today’s Objective Analyze the changing position of the United States from neutrality to entry into World War II. Ask yourself: What events brought the US into the Second World War?

The Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor- Hawaii December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor Attack Scene Roosevelt's Address to Congress

World War II American Entry

US Neutrality Between WWI and WWII the US was neutral. We did not want to fight.

“The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible.”

Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937 Designed to keep us out of war 5 When the President proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, certain restrictions would automatically go into effect:  Prohibited sales of arms to warring nations.  Prohibited loans and credits to warring nations.  Forbade Americans to travel on vessels of nations at war [in contrast to WWI—Lusitania, Sussex…].  Non-military goods must be purchased on a “cash-and- carry” basis  countries must pay in cash when they up goods from the United States. 5This would prevent the President from getting the military involved in foreign conflict. 5America in the 1930s declined to build up its forces!

1939 Neutrality Act…we decide to help out the Allies a little more… 5 Hitler and the Germans invaded Poland… 5 FDR persuades Congress in special session to allow the US to aid European democracies in a limited way:  The US could sell to the European democracies on a “cash-and-carry” basis.  The US could sell weapons to the European democracies on a “cash-and-carry” basis. 5Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act:  The US economy improved as European demands for war goods helped bring the country out of the recession.  America becomes the “Arsenal of Democracy.”

“Lend-Lease” Act (1941) Great Britain $31 billion Soviet Union $11 billion France $ 3 billion China $1.5 billion Other European $500 million South America $400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000 The Allies really need US help…so we decide to start selling military aid to Allied nations.

US is slowly creeping closer to war… 1.Neutrality Act of 1935 and 1937-US doesn’t sell any weapons to Allies 2.Neutrality Act of 1939-US begins to sell weapons to the Allies 3.Lend-Lease Act of 1941-US gives military aid to Allied nations…huge factor in Allied victory

US is slowly creeping closer to war… 1.Neutrality Act of 1935 and 1937-US doesn’t sell any weapons to Allies 2.Neutrality Act of 1939-US begins to sell weapons to the Allies 3.Lend-Lease Act of 1941-US gives military aid to Allied nations…huge factor in Allied victory But we still don’t officially enter the war…we’re just giving military aid

Moving Towards War… Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 – Strengthen military in case of war – First peacetime draft in US history

Moving Towards War… FDR’s Four Freedoms Speech in 1941 – Preparing the US emotionally and morally for a war – Raising public support for the war – Everybody should have freedom… 1.…of speech 2.…of religion 3.…from want 4.…from fear

What finally brings us into war after all these preparations??!!

Pearl Harbor

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto Commander in Chief of the Japanese Armed Forces during World War II… …studied at Harvard University

A date which will live in infamy! Pearl Harbor – Dec. 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Plane

USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

2,887 Americans Dead! Pearl Harbor Memorial

FDR Signs the War Declaration The Pearl Harbor attack finally pushes the US to officially enter the war…

Going to war? Wars we have seen up to now... Spanish-American War World War I Plains Indian Wars Philippine Insurrection (?)

World War II and American Neutrality World War I Unpopular war among many people Government needed large propaganda campaign to convince people to support it… World War II Most people do NOT want to enter it… US passes Neutrality Acts to prevent itself from getting involved  No trading with nations at war

Roosevelt feels US eventually needs to join the war Eventually, he will want the country to join the war How do presidents persuade a people to join a war they don’t want to fight?

Many Americans don’t want to trade with warring nations (might draw US into war…) FDR insists that US should begin a program of Lend- Lease Lend-lease=we give supplies to Allied powers, they promise to return them after the war

But how to convince the American people to accept Lend-Lease?...