The Cold War & the UN: Political Differences Communism: Single party state Representation of the masses “Dictatorship of the proletariat” (stage prior to true communism) Repression of the minority Democratic System: Multi party state Free elections Free speech & freedom of the press Self-determination

The Cold War & the UN: Economic Differences Socialism: State controls production Common ownership Economic networks “Let the ruling classes tremble.” Marx Liberalism: Private ownership Free markets “Open Door” State intervention only to secure free and fair competition Economic inter- dependence

The Cold War & the UN: Religious Differences Marxism-Leninism: atheism The state deserves utter and complete devotion Separation of Church & State: Strong Judeo-Christian tradition Freedom of religion

The Cold War & the UN: Events prior to the Charter Nazi-Soviet Pact ’39 Atlantic Charter Aug. ’41 Tehran Nov. ’43 Bretton Woods July ‘44 Dumbarton Oaks Aug. ’44 Percentage’s Agreement Oct. ’44 Yalta Feb. ’45 San Francisco Apr. ’45

The Cold War & the UN: Western Goals World open to free trade (i.e. the “Open Door” policy) 1. Atlantic Charter Aug. ‘41 2. Bretton Woods Agreement July ‘44 Promote peace and international cooperation (i.e. collective security) National self determination “amicable” relations with the Soviet Union

The Cold War & the UN: Stalin’s Goals American Aid (e.g. continuation of “lend-lease”) National security, especially in Eastern Europe, and a buffering sphere of influence Prevention of German recovery Regain territories lost after WWI

The Cold War & the UN Senator William Fulbright: The first years of the UN are “a history of retreat from false hopes and of adjustments to the reality of a divided world.”