Imperialism in Asia Ms. Rebecca SS92010

Do Now:  Why did Europeans want to take over land in Africa?

Why did Europeans want to take over land in Africa?  3 main reasons  Gain resources  Gain power  Spread religion

Same reasons!  Many of these reasons were also reasons that Europeans wanted to gain colonies in Asia.

Natural Resources  Europeans wanted Asian natural resources to support their growing industries.

Trade  Europeans also wanted to have land in Asia because that would make it less expensive/easier for them to trade with other Asian countries like China and India.

Glory  Europeans, once again, believed that having more land in places like Asia would make them look more powerful.

Imperialism in India  Started with the British East India Company. In the 1600s, the company gained control over much of India.

In 1858, Great Britain turned India into a colony

Great Britain  ALSO unified India. It used to be many different states instead of one large country.

Changes the British made to India:  1. Made English the official language  2. Built roads, dams and hospitals  3. Built more schools  Are these good things?

Changes the British made to India:  1. Made English the official language  2. Built roads, dams and hospitals  3. Built more schools  How could these things be bad?

Hospitals  Caused people to live longer. The Indian population grew, as a result of more hospitals and made it so that there wasn’t enough food to feed the growing population.  Massive poverty

Cloth Industry  Indians used to make cloth by hand.

Cloth Industry  The English made cloth by using machines.

Cloth Industry  It was cheaper and easier for the British to make cloth so they could see their cloth in India for a lower price.

Cloth Industry  More people in India bought cheap British cloth and Indian cloth businesses suffered.

How did the British treat Indians?  British imperial leaders could be very mean to the Indian people.

Indians in the British army  Background: Indian men were part of a British colony. As a result, they were expected to fight for the British army.

Indians in the British army  BUT the British didn’t really respect Indian soldiers. They just wanted them to help the British win wars.

Example  Some Indians were Muslim  They don’t eat pork  Some British weapons required men to bite off parts of ammunition with their teeth to get it ready to fire.  This ammunition was held together with pork fat.  That means that Muslim Indians would be forced to bite pork (against their religious beliefs)

Example continued  Some Indian soldiers refused to use the ammunition with pork fat on it.  The British soldiers punished them (beat them)  The Indian solders were very upset about this total lack of respect for the Muslim religious beliefs so…….

Indian Revolt on 1857!  The Indian solders attacked the British soldiers who they had once fought for.  Sepoy Mutiny

Costly to both sides  Many British and Indian soldiers died in the fight.

Results  The British gave Indian officials more power to rule with respect for Indian culture.

Indians wanted more  They wanted self- rule like the British gave to Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

They also wanted independence  From British rule.

Indians formed groups to push for independence  Hindu leaders formed the Indian National Congress (INC)  Muslim leaders formed the Muslim League

Imperialism in China  During the 1700s, British people LOVED Chinese tea and they bought a lot of Chinese things. China made a lot of money from this.

China didn’t want British stuff  The Chinese didn’t really have a demand from British goods.  The British were upset about this. They wanted to make money from the Chinese so, they decided to sell them something that wasn’t from Great Britain: opium.

Opium  Addictive drug grown especially in places like Afghanistan.  It was easy for the British to get from the middle east and sell to the Chinese for a huge profit.

Why did the Chinese want it?  The British only had to get Chinese people to try opium a few times before they got addicted and needed to buy more and more.

It worked!  The Chinese became addicted to opium and the British got rich selling it to them.

Chinese leaders were very upset  One official asked Queen Victoria from Great Britain to stop the opium trade.

The Queen didn’t stop the opium trade so…..  In 1839, war broke out between China and Great Britain. It was called the Opium War.

The Opium War  The British won the war because they had better weapons.

The Treaty of Nanking  The war ended with the Treaty of Nanking in

Results of the Opium War:  The British forced the Chinese to open more port cities.  The Chinese gave the British control of Hong Kong.

Many Europeans came into China  European nations and Japan came into China.  They DIDN’T set up colonies or protectorates but they set up spheres of influence where they still had some impact of the people in the region.

Sphere of Influence  Each foreign nation that came into China had some special trading rights.

What did this mean for China?  Many foreign powers controlled the Chinese economy.

Chinese people didn’t like this.  They wanted reform (change)

The Qing Dynasty  was in power in China during the time of the Opium War. But it had grown weak.

Hong Xi Uquan  Was a man who led a rebellion to get rid of the Qing dynasty.  This rebellion was called: The Taiping Rebellion

The Taiping Rebellion  Deadliest war of the 1800s.  Millions killed  Foreign powers helped end the rebellion in 1864 but the Qing Dynasty was weakened.

Imperialism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific  In Southeast Asia:  The French took over Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. All of these combined were called: French Indochina.

The British  Took over Burma (Myanmar today).

The United States  Took over the Philippines.  The Philippines used to be ruled by the Spanish until the U.S. defeated the Spanish in 1898 during the Spanish American War.

The United States  Also took over Hawaii and Guam.

The New Japan  In the early 1800s, the Japanese were unhappy with their government and wanted a change.

isolationism  The Japanese had a policy of isolationism where they didn’t trade with other countries.

Matthew Perry  U.S. military officer Matthew Perry brought guns, clocks, and a train engine to Japan.

Japanese want trade  The Japanese liked the things that Matthew Perry showed them and it made them want to stop isolationism and trade with other countries.

Meiji Restoration  The Japanese decided to put an emperor back on the throne in 1868 and began to trade with other countries. This period of time was called: The Meiji Restoration.

Meiji Restoration  During this time the Japanese adopted many western European customs.

New Customs  They built a modern army and navy and became a strong industrial power.

Meiji Restoration  The Japanese were also open to new western things like baseball. Today baseball is the most popular team sport in Japan!

Answer the following questions on a piece of paper to turn in BEFORE you leave class today: Answer the following questions on a piece of paper to turn in BEFORE you leave class today:  1. What are 3 reasons why Europeans wanted to imperialize BOTH Asia and Africa? Explain HOW each reason benefited European imperial countries.  2. What are 2 examples of GOOD things that happened in India as a result of Imperialism?  3. What are 2 examples of BAD things that happened in India as a result of imperialism?  4. What happened during the Sepoy Mutiny?  5. How did the British make money from the Chinese when Chinese people didn’t want to buy British goods?  6. Why was the Opium War fought?  7. What is the only country in Southeast Asia that was never taken over by imperial powers?  8. List 3 ways Japan changed during the Meiji Restoration.

Homework: Make sure you have the following vocabulary terms and definitions in your notes!  British East India Company  Sepoy Mutiny  Independence  Opium  Addicted  Opium War  Queen Victoria  Treaty of Nanking  Sphere of Influence  Colony  Qing Dynasty  Taiping Rebellion  Isolationism  Matthew Perry  Meiji Restoration