Introduction to Section 5 minutes Review of LUP definition Examples 5 minutes Exploration of “Enabling Environment” and Institutions 20 minutes Exercise on “Enabling Environment” 15 minutes Exploration of “Land” 25 minutes Exercise on “Land” 15 minutes Summarize the importance of “institutions” to LUP 5 minutes

NameAffiliationNameAffiliation David Saah; Co-LeadUniversity of San Francisco, SIGPhan Xuan ThieuVinh University, Vietnam Mohd Zaki Hamzah; Co-LeadUniversity Putra MalaysiaChalita SriladdaUSAID-LEAD Khamla Phanvilay, Co-LeadNational University of LaosHoang Thi Thu DuyenVietnam Forestry University, Vietnam Cao Thuy AnhDalat University, VietnamLadawan PuangchitKasetsart University, Thailand Chalermpol SamranpongChiang Mai University, ThailandDo Anh TuanVietnam Forestry University, Vietnam Pham Thanh NamUSAID LEAF VietnamLyna KhanRoyal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia Peter StephenUSAID LEAF BangkokLe Ba ThuongVietnam Forestry University, Vietnam Hoang Vinh PhuVinh University, VietnamNapat JakwattanaUniversity of Phayao, Thailand Vipak JintanaKasetsart University, ThailandNur Anishah Binti AzizUniversity Kebangsaan Malaysia Kulala MulungPNG University of TechnologyRatcha ChaichanaKasetsart University, Thailand Somvilay ChanthalounnavongNational University of LaosSureerat LakanavichianChiang Mai University, Thailand Thavrak HuonRoyal University of Agriculture, CambodiaVongphet SihapanyaNational University of Laos Athsaphangthong MunelithUSAID LEAF LaosDavid GanzUSAID LEAF Bangkok Attachai JintrawetChiang Mai University, ThailandChi Pham, Project CoordinatorUSAID LEAF Bangkok Chanin ChiumkanokchaiUSAID LEAF BangkokKent ElliottUS Forest Service Lam Ngoc TuanDalat University, VietnamBeth LebowUS Forest Service Mark FennUSAID Vietnam Forests & DeltasGeoffrey BlateUS Forest Service

Low Emission Land Use Planning (LELUP) SECTION 1. ENABLING ENVIRONMENT Overview Regional Climate Change Curriculum Development

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT CONDITION ANALYSIS OF FUTURE OPTIONS NEGOTIATING & PRIORITIZING IMPLEMENTA- TION PLAN MONITORING & EVALUATION Low Emission Land Use Planning

At the end of Section 1, students will be able to:  Analyze the Enabling Environment in which Land Use Planning will be conducted

How will we achieve this learning objective? Enabling Environment Analyze the ‘Enabling Environment’ in which Low Emission Land Use Planning will be conducted. 1.1 Regulatory Assessments 1.2 Stakeholder Engagement 1.3 Planning & Development Goals & Objectives

 Explore what an ‘Enabling Environment’ is and why it is important.  Introduce important definitions and issues  What is the Enabling Environment?  What are Institutions?  What is Land Use Planning (Revision?)  What is Land Ownership and Property Regimes?  What is Tenure?  What is Land Use Planning (Revision)?

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT CONDITION ANALYSIS OF FUTURE OPTIONS NEGOTIATING & PRIORITIZING IMPLEMENTA- TION PLAN MONITORING & EVALUATION Low Emission Land Use Planning 1.1. Regulatory Assessments 1.2. Stakeholder Engagement 1.3. Planning & Development Goals & Objectives

Rules of the Game Time/Space Drivers of Change Goal / Objective NOW Past Trend / Current Condition BAU Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 + / - M&E

An iterative process based on the dialogue amongst all stakeholders aiming to define sustainable land uses in rural areas. It also implies the initiation and monitoring of measures to realize the agreed land uses. (GTZ 1995)

What are our boundaries? What are we trying to achieve? What are the ‘rules’ to achieve this? Increased consumption More resource claims Climate change Increased production More competition Growing food demand Growing population Who are we working with?

The Enabling Environment Is:  The “rules of the game” that determine how stakeholders interact and are involved.  It is determined by:  National, provincial and local policies  Legislation  Economic tools  Participation and engagement process Adapted from MRC (2011)

Class Question: What do you think is an ‘Institution’? (Is Marriage an Institution? Is Parliament an Institution?) "Institutions are sets of rules governing the actions of individuals and organizations - and the negotiation of differences between them.” MRC 2011

Formal rulesInformal rules Enforcement characteristics Institutions are made up of:

Institutional arrangements include  legislation and regulations;  policies and guidelines;  administrative structures;  economic and financial arrangements;  political structures and processes;  historical and traditional customs and values; and  key participants or actors (Davidson and Stratford 2000) NO YES

What are our boundaries? What are we trying to achieve? What are the ‘rules’ to achieve this? Increased consumption More resource claims Climate change Increased production More competition Growing food demand Growing population Who are we working with?

Case: Development of Kenyir Dam in Terengganu in the late 1980’s Objectives:  Multipurpose hydroelectric power  Flood mitigation scheme Coverage/Area:  Covers 260 km² (26,000 ha) (once covered with forests)  Contains 340 small islands, which were once hilltops and highlands,  More than 14 waterfalls, numerous rapids and rivers.

Read the role play background information.  List down all the institutions that may be involved in any land use planning process?  What are the relationships between these institutions?  For each identified institution, provide a ‘+’ or ‘-’ depending on whether you think they will support a LUP process or ignore/reject a LUP process.

 Provide the case study and ask participants to read the case study  List down all the institutions that may be involved in any land use planning process?  What are the relationships between these institutions?  For each identified institution, provide a ‘+’ or ‘-’ depending on whether you think they will support a LUP process or ignore/reject a LUP process.

(Lecturer to present his/her own case study for discussions. Question below to be revised based on case study used)  Please identify the institutions involved in land use planning and how these institutions set the formal and informal ‘rules’ for land use planning?

What are the basic functions of land? Are there any possible conflicts between these basic functions?

 State property  Private property  Communal property  Open Access

Land tenure refers to the social relations and institutions that govern access to and use of land and resources. Land tenure is usually a ‘bundle’ of rights:

Statutory or de jure rights De facto rights

 Legal Pluralism is when two or more systems co-exist or interact.  Tenure Security is the certainty of a person’s or institution’s rights to land that are recognized by others. What is the implication for climate change on tenure regimes and tenure security?

Read the role play background information  List down land use and functions  What tenure arrangements exist  Where are there known and emerging conflicts  How will changing climate patterns impact on current tenure regimes

Provide the case study and ask participants to read the case study  Note down how ownership is formalized  Note down why disputes over land ownership and tenure have occurred.  Discuss how the authorities have been working to better define land tenure

(Lecturer to present his/her own case study for discussions. Question below to be revised based on case study used)  Please identify the tenure arrangements involved in land use planning and how these arrangements may be impacted by a changing climate?

 Improve transparency on land and use rights  Prepare regulations on land use and access  Demarcate administrative boundaries  Analysis of the impact of emerging issues on land/resource uses (i.e climate change)

Understanding institutions is essential to good Low Emission Land Use Planning (LELUP) Many of our current institutions have been established under regular climate patterns.  Climate change presents unique challenges to the evolution of all our institutions.

 CIFOR (2012) Tenure rights and access to forests: A training manual for research  FAO (2006) Land tenure alternative conflict management  GIZ (2011) Land Use Planning: Concept, Tools and Applications  Mekong River Commission (2011), (2011) Manual for Training Trainers in IWRM in the Mekong Basin - Training Manual.