INTD 51 the functions of illumination lighting can be a tremendous force in architectural, interior, and landscape design

light has four specific duties: decorative accent task ambient no single light source can perform all functions of lighting for a given space

the KEY to effective lighting design: light should be “layered” a number of light sources should be blended together in order to create a comfortable, inviting environment

light should be “layered”

decorative: used to create the “sparkle” for a room examples: chandeliers, sconces, table lamps

decorative: pendants

decorative:

in the best designs, decorative light sources only create the illusion of providing a room’s illumination

decorative: translucent vs. opaque shades

accent: directed illumination that highlights objects within an environment examples: track

accent: recessed adjustable fixtures

accent: examples: recessed adjustable fixtures

accent: used to highlight art, sculpture, tabletops, plants, etc…

accent: if you only use accent light, you get the museum effect

accent: thrives on subtlety— want to see the effect, but not how it is created

task: illumination for performing work-related activities, such as reading, cutting vegetables or sorting laundry optimally located between your head and the work surface

task: fluorescent—for working

task: under counter fixture mount best for kitchens

ambient: the soft, general illumination that fills the volume of a room with a glow of light examples: indirect wall sconces torcheres indirect pendants cove lighting

ambient: torcheres

ambient: indirect wall sconces

ambient: most important of the four functions—often left out of the design of a room or space best ambient light comes from sources that bounce illumination of ceiling & walls provides a subtle general illumination without drawing attention to them

ambient: should not be used alone—“cloudy day effect”—everything in the space seems to have the same value, without any depth or dimension

participation activity: classroom light analysis directions: …look around the classroom, identify each of the types of lighting used in the space and list them according to category …answer the question: according to your current knowledge of lighting, what are the strengths of the classroom’s lighting plan and what are its weaknesses?

kitchen lighting—title 24 the Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings were established in 1978—response to a legislative mandate to reduce California's energy consumption new standards were adopted by the Commission in 2005 and again in 2010

kitchen lighting—title 24 energy efficiency standards are important and necessary for California’s energy future: reduces energy costs increases reliability and availability of electricity improves building occupant comfort reduces impacts to the environment

kitchen lighting—title 24 the Energy Commission adopted the 2008 Standards on April 23, 2008 approved for publication on Sept, 2008 effective date for the 2008 Standards has been changed from Aug. 1, 2009 to Jan. 1, 2010 if building permit submitted on or after January 1, 2010, the 2008 Standards must be met

kitchen lighting—title 24 changes in 2001 (following the electricity crisis) reduced electricity demand by about 150 megawatts (MW) each year the 2005 standards were expected to reduce electric demand by another 180 MW each year—have saved more than $56 billion in electricity and natural gas costs since 1978 It is estimated the standards will save an additional $23 billion by 2013

kitchen lighting—title 24 changes to the standards occur periodically to account for improvements in: conservation technologies cost of fuels energy-conserving strategies improved capabilities in analyzing building energy performance modifications are also made to further improve compliance and enforcement

kitchen lighting—title 24 mandatory measures require: minimum ceiling, wall, and raised floor insulation minimum HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) and water heating equipment efficiencies other requirements—lighting standards

kitchen lighting—title 24 documentation of the California Building Code is required to be submitted prior to issuing building permits new residential building adding new conditioned floor area to an existing building

kitchen lighting—title residential lighting requirements divide the home into 3 distinct zones ZONE 1—kitchen ZONE 2—bathrooms, garages, laundry rooms and utility rooms ZONE 3—hallways, dining rooms, family rooms, home office and bedrooms each zone is treated distinctly different

kitchen lighting—title 24 retains 50% rule—50% total kitchen lighting watts must be high efficacy (compact fluorescent, LED, linear fluorescent NEW: up to 20 watts of low or high efficacy lighting per linear foot of illuminated cabinet (inside) vs.

kitchen lighting—title 24 first switch in the kitchen must be fluorescent efficiency of at least 40 lumens per watt 50% wattage MUST be fluorescent

kitchen lighting—title 24

California residential lighting—title 24 bathrooms—zone 2 must have: high efficacy fixtures OR vacancy sensors installed that control the low efficacy fixturesdimmer option vacancy sensors allows user to manually turn on the light upon entering the room when vacancy detected, turns lights off

bathrooms general illumination fortunately the color temperature of today’s fluorescent lamps are very flattering to skin tones two drawbacks: ballast hum lack of rapid-start ballast (flicker before stabilizing)