Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. The Flowering of Medieval Civilization Chapter 9

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. I. Cultural Developments A. The Rise of Universities 1. Monastic and Cathedral Schools  Cathedral or bishop’s school  Chancellor  “Masters”  “Goliardic” verses

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Map 9.1 Great Monastic Centers of Learning

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. I. Cultural Developments A. The Rise of Universities 2. Universities  Universitas 3. Italian Universities  University of Bologna  Professional orientation

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Map 9.2 Medieval Universities

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. I. Cultural Developments A. The Rise of Universities 4. The University of Paris  Baccalaureate  Trivium  Quadrivium  Advanced degrees  Medicine  Law  Theology  Oxford, Cambridge, Prague

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. I. Cultural Developments A. The Rise of Universities 4. The University of Paris  Latin Quarter  Robert de Sorbonne 5. University Life  Town-gown controversies

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. I. Cultural Developments B. Scholasticism  Applied dialectic to Christian dogma 1. Anselm of Canterbury 2. Abelard  Historia calamitatum  Sic et Non  Heloise  Astrolabe

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. I. Cultural Developments B. Scholasticism 3. Reception of Aristotle 4. Thomas Aquinas  Albertus Magnus  Summa contra Gentiles  Summa Theologica 5. Duns Scotus  Centrality of faith

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. I. Cultural Developments C. Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge 1. Worship of Mary 2. Cistercians and St. Bernard  Cîteau  Bernard of Clairvaux  “White monks” 3. Women’s Spirituality  Hildegard of Bingen  Marie D’Oignies and Beguines

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. I. Cultural Developments D. Romanesque Architecture 1. The Romanesque Style  Stone roof  Barrel or tunnel vault  Small windows  Groin vault  Bay

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display.

I. Cultural Developments D. Romanesque Architecture 2. Romanesque Decoration  Stone sculptures  Antirealism 3. Other Characteristics of Romanesque Style  Monastic reform  Revival of church ceremony  Gregorian chant  Polyphonic music

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. I. Cultural Developments E. The Gothic Style 1. Gothic Architecture  Abbot Suger’s church at Saint-Denis  Pointed arch  Ribbed vaulting  Flying buttress  Large windows

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. I. Cultural Developments E. The Gothic Style 2. The Gothic Spirit  Strong sense of order  Mystical illumination  Cathedrals  ChartresSalisbury  ParisLincoln  AmiensCologne  Rhiems

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display.

I. Cultural Developments F. Court Culture 1. Chivalry  Courtesy  Etiquette  Religious devotion 2. Courtly Love  Eleanor of Aquitaine  Andreas Capellanus  The Art of Courtly Love

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. I. Cultural Developments F. Court Culture 3. Noblewomen 4. Vernacular Literature  Troubadour lyric poetry  Courtly romance  Marie de France  Chrétien de Troyes

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. II. The States of Europe A. England 1. Angevin Kingship  Henry I  Matilda and Geoffrey of Anjou  Stephen of Blois  Henry of Anjou 2. Henry II  Marries Eleanor of Aquitaine

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. II. The States of Europe A. England 3. Itinerant Justices  “Justices in eyre”  Sworn inquest  Writ  Jury  Grand jury  Petty jury

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. II. The States of Europe A. England 4. Common Law 5. Thomas Becket  Benefit of clergy  Constitutions of Clarendon  Canterbury 6. Richard I  Third Crusade

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. II. The States of Europe A. England 7. John I  War with Philip II  Dispute with Innocent III  Stephen Langton  Interdict 8. Magna Carta  Battle of Bouvines  Runnymede  “Great Charter”

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Map 9.3 Medieval England, France, and Germany

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. II. The States of Europe B. France 1. Louis VII  Louis VII  Eleanor of Aquitaine 2. Philip II Augustus 3. Strengthening the Administration  Bailli  Chambre de Comptes

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. II. The States of Europe B. France 4. St. Louis  Louis VIII  Louis IX, St. Louis 5. Legal Reforms  Extension of royal justice  Parlement of Paris

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. II. The States of Europe C. The Iberian Kingdoms  Reconquista  Granada  Portugal, Aragon, Castile 1. Strengthening the Monarchies  Alfonso X  Siete Partidas 2. Cortes

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. II. The States of Europe D. Germany: The Holy Roman Empire  Elective kingship 1. Frederick I Barbarossa  Goals:  Consolidate demesne lands  Force great German princes to become his vassals  Enjoy sovereignty of Roman Law

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. II. The States of Europe D. Germany: The Holy Roman Empire 2. Italy and the Lombard League  Battle of Legnano  Peace of Constance 3. Germany and European Leadership 4. Henry VI (r )  Constance 5. Frederick II Hohenstaufen  The “first modern ruler”

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. II. The States of Europe D. Germany: The Holy Roman Empire 6. Fragmentation of Germany  Teutonic Knights  Bohemia  Lübeck  “Perpetual Compact” of Swiss cantons 7. Attempt to Control Italy  Frederick I and Gregory IX

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. II. The States of Europe D. Germany: The Holy Roman Empire 8. Sicily and Germany after 1250  Political fragmentation of Germany  Constitutional reorganization in Sicily

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. III. The Church A. The Growth of Heresy 1. Appeal of Heresies 2. Waldensians  Peter Waldo  Lateran Council of Albigensians or Cathari  Albi, Languedoc  Dualistic sect  Consolamentum

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. III. The Church B. The Suppression of Heresy 1. Crusade against Albigensians  Innocent III  Crusade 2. Beginnings of Inquisition  Gregory IX

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. III. The Church C. The Franciscan Friars 1. St. Dominic and the Mendicants  Order of Preachers  Dominicans 2. Francis of Assisi 3. Franciscan Order  Order of Friars Minor

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. III. The Church D. Papal Government 1. Innocent III  Eradicate heresy  Papal supremacy  Clarification of Christian discipline and belief 2. Fourth Lateran Council  Defined sacraments  Yearly confession and communion  Defined transubstantiation  Attacked Church corruption