Differentiating learning in the Literacy classroom
Key issues addressed by the study This study explored: ─the ways in which teachers differentiated literacy learning for pupils of different abilities ─methods for personalising learning
Ways to differentiate learning The study used various ways of differentiating learning, including ─introducing tiered activities and varying group sizes ─personalising literacy learning ─highlighting and representing texts ─using journal entries
Tiered activities and group sizes The researchers created a comfortable environment for differentiated tasks through ─tiered activities - working towards the same understanding but pitched at different levels of complexity ─varying group sizes to ensure that those most in need of extra help were in smaller groups
Personalising literacy learning Activities to help personalise literacy learning included: ─providing a menu of activities to allow pupils to continue with new activities without further instruction ─‘echo reading’ led by a skilled reader to allow learners to gain confidence in reading aloud
Highlighting texts Activities for highlighting and representing texts included ─writing a ‘top ten list’ of favourite foods, animals or friends in order to describe and categorise words ─using drawings to represent literacy concepts
Using journal entries Children developed literacy skills by writing journal entries in a table format This involved ─ writing a meaningful quote or element of the story in the first column ─ explaining their thoughts on this in a second column ─ gaining feedback from a teacher or classmate in a third column
How differentiation worked Differentiation created choices for pupils by ─building a framework of activities for pupils to complete before, during and after reading –highlighting the value of differentiation in teacher professional development
Who were the children in the study? 10 classes of mixed-year classrooms (Years 3 and 4) in a Canadian school district 10 teachers of mixed-grade classrooms
How was the information gathered? Researchers held two 3-hour workshops which included the following elements: ─ observational field notes describing anything relevant to a teacher’s understanding of differentiation ─video recordings of each classroom, which teachers commented on ─three 45-minute visits to each classroom, two of which were followed by semi-structured interviews
How might teachers use this evidence? The study highlighted the importance of varying the size of groups to support differentiation Could you experiment with groups of different sizes to support different learning needs in your lessons? You might like to consult your learners on their preferred group size and reasons for this
How might school leaders use this evidence? The study showed that the kinds of differentiation a teacher provides can depend on their available resources and personality Could you offer more professional development for teachers to enhance and improve differentiation methods? You might like to encourage teachers who are good at differentiation to share advice with colleagues
Follow-up reading Study reference: Differentiating learning in the literacy classroom. Tobin, R. & McInnes, A., (2009) Literacy, 42 (1), pp.3-9. [Original title: Accommodating differences: variations in differentiated literacy instruction in Grade 2/3 classrooms] Summary available at: fferentiating/ fferentiating/ fferentiating/
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